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    Chapter 2 Advanced Philosophy

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    Pamis Acel C.
    This document outlines several philosophical fields of study and methods of philosophical investigation. It discusses cosmology as the study of the origin and development of the universe. It also mentions ontology as the study of the nature of existence, psychology as the study of the mind, theodicy as the study of God, and logic as the study of reasoning. The document also lists some common philosophical methods like induction, deduction, dialectic, and analytic approaches. It provides examples of questions explored within each field.

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    Chapter 2 Advanced Philosophy

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    Pamis Acel C.
    42 views9 pages
    This document outlines several philosophical fields of study and methods of philosophical investigation. It discusses cosmology as the study of the origin and development of the universe. It also mentions ontology as the study of the nature of existence, psychology as the study of the mind, theodicy as the study of God, and logic as the study of reasoning. The document also lists some common philosophical methods like induction, deduction, dialectic, and analytic approaches. It provides examples of questions explored within each field.

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    This document outlines several philosophical fields of study and methods of philosophical investigation. It discusses cosmology as the study of the origin and development of the universe. It also mentions ontology as the study of the nature of existence, psychology as the study of the mind, theodicy as the study of God, and logic as the study of reasoning. The document also lists some common philosophical methods like induction, deduction, dialectic, and analytic approaches. It provides examples of questions explored within each field.

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    42 views9 pages

    Chapter 2 Advanced Philosophy

    Uploaded by

    Pamis Acel C.
    This document outlines several philosophical fields of study and methods of philosophical investigation. It discusses cosmology as the study of the origin and development of the universe. It also mentions ontology as the study of the nature of existence, psychology as the study of the mind, theodicy as the study of God, and logic as the study of reasoning. The document also lists some common philosophical methods like induction, deduction, dialectic, and analytic approaches. It provides examples of questions explored within each field.

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    of 9

    Chapter 2.

    PHILOSOPHICAL FIELDS OF STUDY


    Orientation with other Philosophical branches and
    concepts:
    COSMOLOGY – Branch of Philosophy that deals with
    the origin and development of the Universe with its
    parts, elements, laws, especially its characteristics with
    regard to space, time, causality and freedom.
    From Greek word = kosmos = world = universe
    logos = study of
    • ONTOLOGY – branch of Metaphysics that studies the nature of
    existence of things and status of reality. Referred also as the
    theory of being.
    Some questions asked:
    What is the nature of being?
    What does “to exist” mean?
    Are the ideas in our sensations and perceptions real?
    Is the existing reality of a thought dependent upon our mind, or
    upon the external world?
    PSYCHOLOGY – deals with the science of mind, mental state and
    processes.
    • From Greek word psyche = soul = mind = spirit
    • From the Greek word logos = the study of
    Philosophical psychology is interested in soul, its constitution, characteristic
    and its role in the functions of human body.
    Some Questions Ask:
    What is the soul?
    What is the spiritual part of man that is distinct from the
    physical body?
    Is there a relationship between body and soul?
    THEODICY – deals with the nature, being and goodness of God. It is
    often referred as “rational theology” because it uses reason to achieve its
    desired objectives.
    It is a vindication of such goodness and justice of God with respect to the
    existence of evil.
    LOGIC – deals with the nature of thinking and reasoning using empirical
    support, data and information that are valid, reliable and quantifiable to
    answer such questions.
    Some Questions Ask:
    What is correct reasoning?
    What distinguishes good from bad argument?
    • According to Aristotle, logic is an indispensable foundation of all
    types of knowledge. It is an instrument used for the “unlocking
    of the intelligible connections found in concepts and in things.
    • Major Types of Logic
    Deductive – general to specific
    Syllogism: 1. All cats are vertebrates.
    2. All vertebrates are animals.
    3. Therefore All cats are animals.
    Inductive – particular to general
    PHILOSOPHICAL METHODS OF INVESTIGATION:
    1. Sensing the Problem
    2. Assembling the Data
    3. Organizing and Evaluating the Data
    4. Proposing the Hypothesis
    5. Testing the Hypothesis using Statistical Tool
    6. Discovering the truths
    7. Applying principles
    • METHODS COMMONLY USED
    1. Induction – this is a method of drawing general conclusions
    from particular or individual experiences. Often used by scientists
    and referred as experimental method.
    2. Deduction – refers to the process whereby our minds, by way
    of reasoning, proceeds from general to specific terms.
    3. Dialectic – referred to as a process of arriving at knowledge
    through the question and answer technique.
    4. Analytic – consists of theories that are developed by inductive
    procedures and begins with imaginative conjectures.
    Romantic Method – described as the “tendency to base a
    world view on feelings and instincts”. It is said that “the ideal
    philosophy will take the life of feeling into account and aim to
    understand the functions in adjusting to the environment.
    Synoptic Method – this is grasping of anything in one
    comprehensive view. This method is systematic, organized series
    of steps that will ensure the maximum objectivity and consistency
    in researching on a problem.

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