Asmita Rawat

BIODIVERSITY
AND ITS
TYPES
SUBMITTED BY -
ASMITA RAWAT
B.Ed. 4TH SEM
BEEHIVE COLLEGE OF ADVANCE STUDIES
2018-20
• TERM BIODIVERSITY WAS FIRST COINED
BY WALTER G.ROSEN IN 1986
• IT COMPRISES OF COMPLEX COLLECTION
OF INNUMERABLE ORGANISM
• BIODIVERSITY IS THE VARIABILITY
INTRODUCTIO AMONG LIVING ORGANISMS FROM ALL
SOURCES, INCLUDING TERRESTRIAL,
N MARINE, AND OTHER AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEMS AND THE ECOLOGICAL
COMPLEXES OF WHICH THEY ARE PART;
THIS INCLUDES DIVERSITY WITHIN
SPECIES, BETWEEN SPECIES, AND OF
ECOSYSTEMS.
Meaning
MADE FROM TWO WORDS

BIO MEANS LIFE
DIVERSITY MEANS VARIETY
WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY?
• Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all
sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems
and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes
diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems.
• Biodiversity forms the foundation of the vast array of
ecosystem services that critically contribute to human well-being.
• Biodiversity is important in human-managed as well as natural
ecosystems.
• Decisions humans make that influence biodiversity affect the well-
being of themselves and others.
• ALL LIFE FORMS THAT MAKE UP
BIODIVERSITY ,INCLUDING HUMANS,ARE
ULTIMATELY CONNECTED TO ALL OTHER LIFE
FORMS ,AND TO THEIR PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT.
• NO ONE LIVING ELEMENT OF
ANY ECOSYSTEM CAN SURVIVE INDEPENDENT
OF THE OTHERS.
CONCEPT • CONNECTIONS AMONG LIVING AND NON-LIVING
ELEMENTS KEEP THE ENVIRNMENT
FUNCTIONING AND HEALTHY.
• BECAUSE BIODIVERSITY REPRESENTS THE
INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF ALL THINGS, THE
EFFECT OF SOME CAUSES CAN BE SURPRISING.
• HUMAN IMPACT ON
THE ENVIRONMENT ,THEREFORE DIRECTLY OR
INDIRECTLY AFFECTS THE FUNCTION OF OTHER
Types of Biodiversity
GENETIC BIODIVERSITY
SPECIES BIODIVERSITY
ECOLOGICAL BIODIVERSITY
Species diversity
•Species diversity refers to the variety

of different types of species found in a
particular area. It is the biodiversity at
the most basic level. It includes all the
species ranging from plants to different
microorganism.
•No two individuals of the same species
are exactly similar. For example,
humans show a lot of diversity among
themselves.
Genetic diversity
•It refers to the variations among the

genetic resources of the organisms. Every
individual of a particular species differs
from each other in their genetic
constitution. That is why every human
looks different from each other. Similarly,
there are different varieties in the same
species of rice, wheat, maize, barley, etc.
Ecological diversity
•An ecosystem is a collection of living and

non-living organisms and their interaction
with each other. Ecological biodiversity
refers to the variations in the plant and
animal species living together and
connected by food chains and food webs.
•It is the diversity observed among the
different ecosystems in a region. Diversity
in different ecosystems like
deserts, rainforests, mangroves, etc.,
include ecological diversity.
ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY FURTHER DIVIDED
INTO 3 TYPES
• ALPHA DIVERSITY -It is the biodiversity within a particular area,
community or ecosystem. It is usually expressed by the number of species in
that ecosystem. This can be measured by counting the number of taxa within
the ecosystem (e.g. Families, genera and species).
• BETA DIVERSITY-Beta diversity is a measure of biodiversity which works
by comparing the species diversity between ecosystems or along
environmental gradients.
• GAMMA DIVERSITY-It refers to the total species richness over a large
area. It is a measure of the overall diversity for the different ecosystems
within a region.
Importance Of Biodiversity
Ecological Stability
Every species has a specific role in an ecosystem. They capture
and store energy and also produce and decompose organic
matter. The ecosystem supports the services without which
humans cannot survive. A diverse ecosystem is more productive
and can withstand environmental stress.
Economic Importance
Biodiversity is a reservoir of resources for the manufacture of
food, cosmetic products and pharmaceuticals.
Crops livestock, fishery, and forests are a rich source of food.
Wild plants such as Cinchona and Foxglove plant are used for
medicinal purposes.
Wood, fibres, perfumes, lubricants, rubber, resins, poison and
cork are all derived from different plant species.
The national parks and sanctuaries are a source of tourism. They
are a source of beauty and joy.
Ethical Importance
All the species have a right to exist. Humans
should not cause their voluntary extinction.
Biodiversity preserves different cultures and
spiritual heritage. Therefore, it is very important
to conserve biodiversity.
• Biodiversity is our life.If the Biodiversity
got lost at this rate then in near future ,
survival of human being will be threatened
. So, it is our moral duty to conserve
Biodervisity as well our
Conclusion Environment.Longterm maintenance of
species and their management requires
cooperative efforts across entire
landscapes .Biodiversity should be dealth
with a scale of habitats or ecosystems
rather than at species level.
THANK YOU

Asmita Rawat

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BIODIVERSITY

MADE FROM TWO WORDS

•Species diversity refers to the variety

•It refers to the variations among the

•An ecosystem is a collection of living and

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