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    The document describes the structural design team for an e-VTOL research internship. It lists 20 students along with their names, colleges, and years of study. It then covers several technical topics related to the internship, including ergonomics requirements for passenger and pilot seating, literature on composite materials and their applications, and preliminary work on wing design and analysis using CAD and CFD software. The internship involves work on structural design, materials selection, load analysis, and other aircraft design tasks.

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    Review 1 SDT

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    Pramath Karthik K V
    29 views39 pages
    The document describes the structural design team for an e-VTOL research internship. It lists 20 students along with their names, colleges, and years of study. It then covers several technical topics related to the internship, including ergonomics requirements for passenger and pilot seating, literature on composite materials and their applications, and preliminary work on wing design and analysis using CAD and CFD software. The internship involves work on structural design, materials selection, load analysis, and other aircraft design tasks.

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    The document describes the structural design team for an e-VTOL research internship. It lists 20 students along with their names, colleges, and years of study. It then covers several technical topics related to the internship, including ergonomics requirements for passenger and pilot seating, literature on composite materials and their applications, and preliminary work on wing design and analysis using CAD and CFD software. The internship involves work on structural design, materials selection, load analysis, and other aircraft design tasks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    29 views39 pages

    Review 1 SDT

    Uploaded by

    Pramath Karthik K V
    The document describes the structural design team for an e-VTOL research internship. It lists 20 students along with their names, colleges, and years of study. It then covers several technical topics related to the internship, including ergonomics requirements for passenger and pilot seating, literature on composite materials and their applications, and preliminary work on wing design and analysis using CAD and CFD software. The internship involves work on structural design, materials selection, load analysis, and other aircraft design tasks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 39

    E-VTOL Research Internship with NMCAD Lab,

    Dept. of Aerospace Engg., IISc.

    Structural Design Team


    STRUCTURAL DESIGN TEAM
    NAME COLLEGE NAME YEAR

    Vishal H J RV college of engineering 4th

    Vamshi Vardhan reddy RV college of engineering 4th

    Shaikh Salman RV college of engineering 4th

    Nrupa Chandra G RV college of engineering 4th

    Jayasurya M RV college of engineering 4th

    Shreesh RD RV college of engineering 4th

    Madhu C M RV college of engineering -

    Priyanka Prasad BMS college of engineering 4th

    Aishwarya M BMS college of engineering 4th

    Riya Vasan VIT 4th

    Nityashree G RV college of engineering 3rd

    Shreyansh RV College of engineering 3rd

    Monu kumar RV college of engineering 3rd

    Hrishikesh Das RV college of engineering 3rd

    Harsh Tiwari Dayanand Sagar College of Engineering 3rd


    ERGONOMICS
    ERGONOMICS

    • Requirements stated
    – 4 Passengers + 1 pilot
    – No cargo hull/space for initial design
    • Passenger cabin > ADT + SDT
    • Cockpit > ADT + AvT
    PASSENGER CABIN
    Seat pitch (cm) Seat width (cm) Aisle width (cm)

    Economy Class 71–81 46–51 43–61


    Business Class 84–91.5 53–56 56–63.5

    Table 1: Seat and aisle pitch and width [1]


    Description
    Seat width ws
    First Class (cm) Coach (cm)
    • Headroom taken as 22cm.
    48.2 to 53.3 43.1 to 45.7
    Armrest width 6.98 6.35 • Additional clearance given for
    Aisle width wi 45.7 to 50.8 40.64 to 45.72
    Pitch P 94 to 106.7 82.2 to 91.4 wing-box.
    Seat height 43.2 43.2
    • Pressurization not required for
    Table 1: Typical seating P/P0 = 0.8-0.9, unless required
    dimensions [2] for AC unit.
    COCKPIT (PILOT SEAT DIMENSIONS)
    FUTURE WORK

    • Decision on materials to be used


    • Fuselage load and member calculations
    • Location of landing gear
    REFERENCES

    1. Kundu, A.K., 2010. Aircraft design (Vol. 27). Cambridge University


    Press, ISBN: 978-0-511-67785-4.
    2. Pascale M. Sforza, “Commercial Airplane Design Principles”, ISBN:
    978-0-12- 419953-8 (2014)
    COMPOSITES
    COMPOSITE MATERIALS
    LITERATURE SURVEY
    Composite Material Applications

    GLARE (GLAss REinforced aluminum) Fuselage skin, Radome internal frame Lower skins of flaps, Leading
    edges of stabilizers

    Light bulkhead, fuel tanks, and floors


    AFRP (Aramid Fibres Reinforced Polymer)

    Rotor Blades , Fiberglass Radome


    GFRP (Glass Fibres Reinforced Polymer)

    Stabilizer skin, Wing Sheathing, leading edge of the vertical tail plane
    CFRP (Carbon Fibres Reinforced Polymer)

    ARALL (ARamid ALuminum Laminates) Fuselage skin, Lower skin of wing, Fatigued and Tensile loaded
    regions

    CARALL (CARbon ALuminum Laminates) Fuselage skin, Lower skin of wing, Fatigued and Tensile loaded
    regions

    Aircraft Interiors
    Honeycomb structures (Al alloy core, Fibre sheet covering or fibre
    textile covering)

    GRE (Glass Reinforced Epoxy) Internal Structures


    Table: Composite Material and Applications
    Graphite-epoxy composites Internal structures of semi-monocoque
    HYBRID MATERIAL CONCEPTS FOR WING AND
    EMPENNAGE

    ● Better the fatigue crack growth


    resistance
    ● Increased fatigue and corrosion
    resistance, higher bearing strength
    and impact resistance.
    ● higher fatigue resistance.
    ● Thick aluminium plate in-between
    FMLs
    • Propagation of fatigue cracks in
    outer aluminium layers are
    avoided by adding reinforcement
    to the adhesive using high
    strength fibres.

    • Thick aluminium layers can be


    bonded to the straps using fibre
    reinforced epoxy resin with a
    reduced Fibre Volume Fraction
    (FVF).
    COMPOSITE MATERIAL - FLOORING PANEL
    ALUMINIUM HONEYCOMB CORE AND FRP
    COMPOSITE FACE‐SHEETS
    ● The application of fiber‐reinforced plastic (FRP) composite materials
    instead of metals, due to the low density of FRP materials, results in
    weight savings in the base plates of aircraft pallets.
    ● The newly constructed sandwich base plate consists of an
    Aluminum honeycomb core and FRP composite face‐sheets.
    ● The specimens of sandwich panels are made of an aluminum
    honeycomb core and orthotropic composite materials face‐sheets.
    ● The FRP composite face‐sheets are made of Phenolic Woven
    Glass Fiber. Phenolic resin is a synthetic polymer.
    ● The fiber orientation of the composite face‐sheets was cross-ply.
    ALUMINIUM HONEYCOMB CORE AND FRP
    COMPOSITE FACE‐SHEETS
    DIGIMAT HC- INPUTS

    Cell Wall thickness- 0.1 mm


    Dimensions Cell size- 6 mm

    Beam La- 40 mm
    Specifications Lb- 670 mm
    Lc- 455.875 mm
    Beam’s width- 830 mm
    Width of the loading panels- 40 mm
    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
    INFERENCES

    • The general thickness of aircraft flooring panel is around 10 mm.

    • For different placements of the skin layers:


    – The equivalent stresses on the skin changed drastically.
    – There is also a change in shear stresses.
    FUTURE WORK

    ● Deciding the composite material for wing, tail, fuselage and


    supporting structures.

    ● Choice of composite material for the construction of control surfaces.


    REFERENCES

    1. Gunnink, J.W.: US4935291 (1990).


    2. A380, world’s largest commercial aircraft, successfully takes to the
    skies, Airbus Press Release, 27 April 2005, www.airbus.com.

    3. Roebroeks, G.H.J.J., Gunnink, J.W.: WO07145512A1 (2007).


    4. On the Development of Hybrid Material Concepts for Aircraft
    Structures, Rene Alderliesten, November 20, 2008
    WING DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
    WING CAD MODEL

    ● Modelling of wing in solidworks with the given design by the aircraft


    design team.(dimensions are in mm)
    SETUP OF CFD ANALYSIS

    ● K-omega SST model


    ● Fluid - Air
    ● Inlet Velocity - 100m/s
    ● Pressure - 101 kpa
    ● Temperature- 288K
    MESHING

    ● Element size : 566.73mm


    ● Quality smoothing : High
    ● Aspect ratio : 1.16
    ● Inflation
    Transition Rate : 0.272
    ● Max layers :5
    ● Growth rate : 1.2
    ● Number of nodes : 281798
    Number of element : 1217861
    OBTAINED MESH
    OBTAINED RESULTS

    ● Solutions converged at 47th iteration.


    ● Angle of attack= 0 deg
    ● CL = 0.921
    ● CD = 0.1002
    TOTAL PRESSURE AND STATIC PRESSURE
    CONTOUR

    ● Static pressure
    Max = 6.36e+03Pa
    Min = -1.08e+04Pa
    ● Total Pressure
    Max = 5.58e+03Pa
    Min = -1.040e+04Pa
    VELOCITY CONTOURS

    ● Given Velocity : 100m/s


    ● Max velocity : 145m/s
    ● Min Velocity : 0.556m/s
    FORCES IN X,Y AND Z

    ● Force X :
    max = 3.442N
    min = -3.298N
    ● Force Y :
    Max = 2.515N
    Min = -1.730N
    ● Force Z :
    Max = 41.48N
    Min = -28.96N
    Future work
    • These pressure and load analysis will be used for determining the
    load distribution over spars and ribs.
    • Forces in X and Y directions will account in shear forces and shear
    flow in the cross sections.
    REFERENCES

    1) Kathiravan.T, Mohammed Huda., Parthiban.K (October ,2018) ,


    STRUCTURAL AND MODAL
    ANALYSIS OF SUBSONIC AIRCRAFT WING USING ANSYS
    WORKBENCH, International Research
    Journal of Engineering and Technology , 2395,05-10
    2)Yunus A. Cengel , Afshin J. Ghajar , Heat And Mass Transfer
    Fundamentals & Applications ,
    Fifth Edition

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