Lecture 5

Lecture -5
Pak Studies
By:
Sajjad Hussain
Lecturer
Pakistan’s Ideology
and
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
’s I de o l o gy
Pa k i st an
and
m a d K han
y e d A h
Sir S
• War of Independence and role of Sir Syed
• Early Biography Details of Sir Syed
• Beliefs of Sir Syed
• Contributions of Sir Syed
1. Attempts to achieve a better understanding between the British and the Muslims
2. Education
3. Politics
4. Religion
Early Biography Details of Sir Syed
• born in 1817 in Delhi

• wealthy family
• high quality education
• skilled in Arabic, Persian, Mathematics and Medicine
• most able writer
• judge in Delhi in 1846

• in 1857 he was working as Chief
Judge in Bijnaur
• saved the life of British men,
women and children, and its
reward
• Muradabad……..Ghazipoor……Alighar
• In 1876 he retired
• Concentrated on running the college and devoting himself to

improve the position of Muslims
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
• He died on 27th March 1898.
War of Independence
• War of Independence is an important landmark in the history of

Sub-Continent. This War was fought in 1857 by Indians against
the British in order to get rid of their domination. It is also given
names as Indian Rebellion, Indian Mutiny as well as Indian Revolt.
• The main causes of the War were political, social, economical,
military and religious. It was an extreme effort made by Indians,
• Indians failure due to certain reasons including mutual
jealousies, disunity, and lack of central leadership etc.
• War spread throughout India but it was limited to few areas
mainly Meerut, Delhi, Kanpur, Lucknow etc.
Beliefs of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
• extremely unhappy about the position of Muslims in the subcontinent.
• Since the days of the Mughal declined the social and economical status of
Muslims had declined sharply and the role of Muslims in the war of
Independence had left further decline as British took measures to ensure
that their control was unchallenged.
• Sir Syed Ahmed felt that the poor status of Muslims was due to they were
treated as second-class citizen by British and Hindus and they had to take
some responsibilities themselves.
• Most Muslims thought that British were no more than just invaders and
they had nothing to do with them.
• Sir Syed Ahmed believed that Muslims had to accept that the British
were there rulers and could only improve if they have a positive approach
towards them. They needed to accept the British idea and their
education if they wanted to improve. Sir Syed wanted to see Muslims
untied and prospering in their social, economical and religious fortune.
He made this his Life’s ambition and founded Aligarh movement.
NEXT LECTURE WILL INSHAALLAH BE ON
Contributions of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
1.Attempts to achieve a better understanding

between the British and the Muslims
2.Education
3.Politics
4.Religion
[email protected]
1. Attempts to achieve a better understanding
• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was one of the Muslim reformers. He carefully
studied and analyzed the decline of Muslims in political power, social
status and economic well-being.
• He came to the conclusion that Muslims were being handicapped
because of the misunderstanding which had cropped up between the
British and Muslim rulers.
• The Muslims opposed and hated the British and everything associated
with the British.
• Muslims kept away from modern education and English language
which the British were trying to enforce in India.
• On the other hand the British held the Muslims responsible for the
revolt of 1857 and considered them (Muslims) to be their real
enemies.
• The result of this mistrust was that Muslims were being crushed in
every way.
1.Attempts to achieve a better understanding
• Therefore, Sir Syed tried to remove this misunderstanding by

addressing both the British and Muslims.
• Sir Syed wrote books and explained to the British that the
real cause of 1857 uprising was the wrong policies and
attitude of the British themselves.
• To Muslims Sir Syed explained that Christians and
Christianity should not be hated.
• He specially stressed that Muslims should came towards
modern education, the lack of which was causing continual
set back to the Muslims of India.
2. Education
Sir Syed gave much importance to modern education and his
efforts and contribution to Muslim education is very
important.
He opened schools at several places where he was posted.
He established Scientific Society and printed the Aligarh
Institute Gazette.
He also visited England in 1869 on his own expenses to
observe the working of British Universities.
Most important achievement in education sector was the
founding of M.A.O College at Aligarh in 1877.
2. Education
Sir Syed founded the Mohammadens Educational Conference
whose objective was to discuss and solve the education
problems of Muslims in the sub-continent.
His efforts for Muslim education served double purpose. It
helped the Muslims to get good jobs and raised their status in
society.
It also helped in removing the mistrust between the British and
the Muslims.
Therefore education was the most important aspect of Sir
Syed’s services in the Muslims of India.
3. Politics
Sir Syed’s advice to Muslims in the political field is also
important.
He believed that under the European system or democratic
government the Muslims of India would always be at the
mercy of Hindu majority.
He suggested separate electorate for Muslims.
He advised the Muslims not to join Congress.
He opposed the system of competitive examinations for
government posts because Muslims were much behind the
Hindus in education.
Sir Syed strongly opposed the replacement of Urdu with
Hindi as court and official language.
4.Religion
In Religion Sir Syed united the Muslims by

supporting the “Two Nation Theory” and the Hindi-
Urdu controversy of 1867 in which Hindus wanted
Hindi to be the official language while the Muslims
wanted Urdu. He realised the threat to Muslims so
united them and gave them good education.
Sir Syed Said:
Do not show the face of Islam to others;

instead show your face as the follower of
true Islam representing character,
knowledge, tolerance and piety.

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Lecture -5

• born in 1817 in Delhi

• judge in Delhi in 1846

• Concentrated on running the college and devoting himself to

• War of Independence is an important landmark in the history of

1.Attempts to achieve a better understanding

• Therefore, Sir Syed tried to remove this misunderstanding by

In Religion Sir Syed united the Muslims by

Do not show the face of Islam to others;

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