Next Generation Network

IMS
Solution Overview

In
New Generation Network

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 Technology Evolution

IMS
PST IP 3G Wireless 
3G wireless + IP ++
N Wireless
 Internet  W-CDMA – Standard Services
Platform
Circuit switched Circuit switched VoIP
–  GPRS/UMTS

– Instant Messaging
– Converged
 Analog Applications &
 Analog
 Digital – Web Applications Content
 SS7  Digital – Access
 ISDN  2G (GSM
Independence

& CDMA
ANSI-41)
The core of NGN (SIP-based IMS)
- Combining the best of two worlds
- Adding standardized E2E Multimedia services

Buka kemampuan Karakteristik Kinerja

pengembangan Layanan E2E standar dan Skalabilitas dari
layanan fleksibel yang diuji solusi industri
industri TI interoperabilitas Telekomunikasi

IT IMS Telecom

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Next Generation Network

IP Multimedia Subsystem
Functional Elements

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Next Generation Network

IMS-Core Architecture [ETSI]

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Next Generation Network
IP Multimedia
IMS Solution Overview

• The IP Multimedia Subsystem is an open, standardized, NGN multi-media

• architecture for mobile and fixed IP-based services. It's a VoIP
• implementation based on a 3GPP variant of SIP (Session Initiation Protocol),
• and runs over the standard Internet protocol. It's used by Telcos in NGN
• networks (which combine voice and data in a single packet switched
• network),to offer network controlled multimedia services.

• The aim of IMS is not only to provide new services but to provide all the
• services, current and future, that the Internet provides. In addition, users
• have to be able to execute all their services when roaming as well as
• from their home networks. To achieve these goals the IMS uses open
• standard IP protocols, defined by the IETF.

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Next Generation Network

IP Multimedia
IMS Solution Overview
• The IP Multimedia Subsystem is an open, standardized, NGN multi-media
architecture for mobile and fixed IP-based services. It's a VoIP
implementation based on a 3GPP variant of SIP (Session Initiation Protocol),
and runs over the standard Internet protocol. It's used by Telcos in NGN
networks (which combine voice and data in a single packet switched
network),to offer network controlled multimedia services.

• The aim of IMS is not only to provide new services but to provide all the
services, current and future, that the Internet provides. In addition, users
have to be able to execute all their services when roaming as well as
from their home networks. To achieve these goals the IMS uses open
standard IP protocols, defined by the IETF.

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Next Generation Network

IMS Broadview

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Next Generation Network

BROADVIEW OF IMS ARCHITECTURE

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Next Generation Network

Service Plane
Application Server (SA)
 provide and executes content and services which is needed by
user according to the IMS standard.
As interface with S-CSCF using SIP.

• SIP-AS is the local IMS Application server.

• OSA-SCS (Open Source Access – Service Capability Server) as

interface with SIP-AS

• IM-SSF (IP Multimedia – Services Switching Function) : interworking

of the SIP message to the corresponding CAMEL

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Next Generation Network

Session Control Plane

Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
• HSS is the main data storage for all subscriber and service-related
data of the IMS subscriber.
 The HSS contains all the user-related subscription data required to handle multimedia
sessions.

Call Session Control Function (CSCF)

• Proxy- CSCF (P-CSCF)
 UE’s first point of contact
 Authenticates and asserts an identity to the UE
 Protect user privacy
 Manages QoS, resource allocation, and controls charging function

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Next Generation Network

Session Control Plane

• Interrogating- CSCF (I-CSCF)
 Determines UE location by communicating with the HSS
 Finds the appropriate S-CSCF
 Performs load balancing
 Hide some information such as server amount, DNS name by encrypting SIP message
called THIG (Topology hiding Interface Gateway)

• Serving- CSCF (S-CSCF)

 Responsible for all session management activities
 Retrieves user profile and authentication information from the HSS
 Finds the appropriate AS
 Provides SIP routing

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Next Generation Network

Media Control Plane

Media Resource Function (MRF)
• Media Resource Function Controller (MRFC) handles communication with
the S-CSCF and controls the resources in the MRFP.

• Media Resource Function Processor (MRFP) in the media plane

implements all the media-related functions, such as playing media,
providing announcements and mix media

• Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) receives SIP call control signal
from the IMS network and performs conversion to ISUP/IP and sends to
SGW. MGCF also controls MGW.

• Signaling Gateway (SGW) performs signaling conversion in the transport

layer and interfaces with PSTN in the control plane.

• Media gateway (MGW) convert different codec from other network to the
codec standard IMS.

• Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF) determine appropriate MGCF to

do call to circuit network such as PSTN and 2G.

• Policy Decision Function(PDF) controlled by P-CSCF and manage QoS

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Next Generation Network

Example: Call Flow

1 Initiate SIP Invite 7 Apply Service Logic to access IM-SSF AS
2 Retrieve Subscriber Profile (if needed) 8 IM-SSF queries a GSM-SCF if inter-working with PLMN needed
3 Apply Service Logic 9 Forward INVITE to CLD Party
4 Retrieve Address of CLD Party Home Network 10 SDP Negotiation / Resource Reservation Control
5 Identify Registrar of CLD Party and Forward INVITE 11 Ringing / Alerting
12 Answer / Connect
6 Retrieve Subscriber Profile
13 Session Active

Calling Party Called Party LIDB/

Control Home Network HSS ENUM HSS CNAM
Home Network SCF
Bearer 8
2
Diameter 6
Diameter 4
3 7
AS SIP S-CSCF 5 I-CSCF S-CSCF SIP
IM-SSF

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SIP SIP

Calling Party Called Party

Visited Network P-CSCF P-CSCF Visited Network
11
10
1 Backbone Backbone 12
Packet Packet
UE1 RAN Network
RTP Stream
Network RAN UE2
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Next Generation Network

Term of End-to-end connection

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Next Generation Network

BROADVIEW OF IMS ARCHITECTURE

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Next Generation Network

BROADVIEW OF IMS ARCHITECTURE

 User Database
 The HSS (Home Subscriber Server) is the master user database
that supports the IMS network entities that are actually handling the
calls/sessions.
 It contains the subscription-related information, performs
authentication and authorization of the user, and can provide
information about the physical location of user.
 A SLF (Subscriber Location Function) is needed when multiple
HSSs are used.

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Next Generation Network

BROADVIEW OF IMS ARCHITECTURE

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Next Generation Network

BROADVIEW OF IMS ARCHITECTURE

• Call/Session Control
• Several types of SIP servers, collectively known as CSCF, they are used to
process SIP signaling packets in the IMS.
• P-CSCF (Proxy-CSCF)
• I-CSCF (Interrogating-CSCF)
• S-CSCF (Serving-CSCF)

 Call/Session Control
1) A P-CSCF (Proxy-CSCF)
 It is a SIP proxy that is the first point of contact for the IMS terminal.
 It can be located either in the visited network or in the home network.
 It has terminal which will discover its P-CSCF with either DHCP, or it's
assigned in the PDP Context (in GPRS).

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Next Generation Network

BROADVIEW OF IMS ARCHITECTURE

• Call/Session Control
• 2) I-CSCF (Interrogating-CSCF)
• It is a SIP proxy located at the edge of an administrative domain.
• Its IP address is published in the DNS records of the domain, so that
remote servers can find it, and use it as an entry point for all SIP packets
to this domain.
• The I-CSCF queries the HSS using the DIAMETER Cx and Dx interfaces to
retrieve the user location, and then route the SIP request to its assigned
S-CSCF.
• It can also be used to hide the internal network from the outside world,
in which case it's called a THIG (Topology Hiding Interface Gateway).

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Next Generation Network

BROADVIEW OF IMS ARCHITECTURE

• Call/Session Control
• 3) S-CSCF (Serving-CSCF)
• It is the central node of the signaling plane.
• It's a SIP server, but performs session control as well.
• It's always located in the home network. The S-CSCF uses
DIAMETER Cx and Dx interfaces to the HSS to download and
upload user profiles.
• It has no local storage of the user.

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Next Generation Network

BROADVIEW OF IMS ARCHITECTURE

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Next Generation Network

BROADVIEW OF IMS ARCHITECTURE

• Application Servers
• Application servers (AS) host and execute services, and interfaces with
the S-CSCF using SIP.
• Depending on the actual service, the AS can operated in SIP proxy
mode, SIP US mode or SIP B2BUA mode.
• An AS can be located in the home network or in an external third-party
network.

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Next Generation Network

BROADVIEW OF IMS ARCHITECTURE

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Next Generation Network

BROADVIEW OF IMS ARCHITECTURE

• Media Servers
• MRF (Fungsi Sumber Daya Media) menyediakan sumber media di jaringan
rumah.
• Ini digunakan untuk Memutar pengumuman, konferensi Multimedia,
percakapan Teks-ke-ucapan (TTS) dan pengenalan suara, transkode
waktu nyata dari data multimedia.
• Setiap MRF dibagi lagi menjadi:
• 1) MRFC (Media Resource Function Controller) adalah simpul bidang
pensinyalan yang bertindak sebagai Agen Pengguna SIP ke S-CSCF, dan yang
mengendalikan MRFP dengan antarmuka H.248.
• 2) MRFP (Media Resource Function Processor) adalah simpul bidang
media yang mengimplementasikan semua fungsi terkait media.

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Next Generation Network

BROADVIEW OF IMS ARCHITECTURE

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Next Generation Network

BROADVIEW OF IMS ARCHITECTURE

• Breakout Gateway
• A BGCF (Breakout Gateway Control Function) is a SIP server
that includes routing functionality based on telephone
numbers.
• It's only used when calling from the IMS to a phone in a circuit
switched network, such as the PSTN or the PLMN.

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Next Generation Network

BROADVIEW OF IMS ARCHITECTURE

• PSTN Gateways
• A PSTN/CS gateway interfaces with PSTN circuit switched (CS) networks.
• A SGW (Signalling Gateway) interfaces with the signalling plane of the CS. It
transforms lower layer protocols as SCTP into MTP, to pass ISUP from the
MGCF to the CS network.
• A MGCF (Media Gateway Controller Function) does call control protocol
conversion between SIP and ISUP, and interfaces with the SGW over SCTP.
• A MGW (Media Gateway) interfaces with the media plane of the CS
network, by converting between RTP and PCM.

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 Protocol dalam IMS

 Signalling
o SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
• Merupakan application-layer protocol yang dapat melakukan fungsi pembangunan, modifikasi dan terminasi
multimedia session
• Merupakan open standard, text based protocol dari IETF
• Dipilih sebagai main protocol di IMS karena fleksibilitas dan kecepatan pengembangannya
• Digunakan untuk berkomunikasi dengan hampir seluruh element di IMS (CSCF, MGCF, BGCF, AS, IMS Client)
o Diameter
• Merupakan application-layer protocol untuk fungsi AAA
• Merupakan open standard, text based protocol dari IETF
• Digunakan untuk berkomunikasi antara HSS-CSCF dan HSS-AS

 Media
o RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol)
• Merupakan protocol network untuk menyampaikan media audio & video over IP Networks
• Merupakan open standard dari IETF

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Next Generation Network

IMS- Signalling flow

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 Registration Flow

1. Initial register message 2. 2nd register message

Proses registrasi user dilakukan 3 kali :
HSS-A HSS-A
(1.) Implicit Registration (6) (15)
(4) AuthenticationS-CSCF-A (13) User profile S-CSCF-A
(2.) Re-registration Assign S-CSCF Data Assign S-CSCF
(3.) 3rd Party Registration
(5) (14)
I-CSCF-A Register I-CSCF-A Register
(7) (16)
401 200 OK
(3) (12)
Register Register

(8) (17)
P-CSCF-A 401 P-CSCF-A 200 OK
DNS DNS
(2) (11)
DNS query DNS query
(1) (10)
Register (9) Register (18)
401 200 OK

UE UE

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Registration Flow

Diameter message

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Simple Model for Call Flow Procedure

MO SS MT

3.request 4.request Callee part

Caller part

S-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF

2.request 5.request

DNS/ENUM
HSS

P-CSCF P-CSCF

1.request 6.request

media

Signalling Media

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 Establishment of Sessions – IMS Session

Without AS With AS

Callee part Callee part

Caller part Caller part
S-CSCF-A HSS-B AS-A

Invite I-CSCF-B
HSS-A AS-B

183 HSS-B
Invite 3 Invite 4
Invite Invite 7 Invite 8
183
I-CSCF-A Invite 5
Invite Invite 6
DNS/ENUM S-CSCF-B S-CSCF-A
S-CSCF-B
HSS-A
183 183 183
I-CSCF-B
P-CSCF-B
Invite
Invite 2 183
P-CSCF-A Invite 9
183 183
I-CSCF-A
P-CSCF-B
DNS/ENUM
P-CSCF-A
Invite
Invite Invite 10
183
183 183
183
Invite 1

IP media IP media

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IMS Session Signaling Flow

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Establishment of Sessions : IMS – PSTN/PLMN user

IMS User Initial Call to PSTN/PLMN User PSTN/PLMN User Initial Call to IMS User

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Posisioning IMS

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 Leveling Network IMS – Voice Service
(Work-flow Integrasi Network IMS - Layer_2 keatas)

PoP-1 (Main) PoP-2 (Back-up/Stdby)

IP add : 10.0.0.20 IP add : 10.0.0.120

IP add : 10.0.0.10
IP add : 10.0.0.110

Service Control Layer (IMS) DHCP Server DHCP Server

A-SBC
A-SBC

DCN-AGG DCN-AGG

Network DCN Metro-E

DCN-ACC_B1 DCN-ACC-B2
DCN2-ACC_(B1 ke-N) DCN2-ACC_(B2 ke N)

Metro-E
Transport Metro-e

OLT OLT

Akses Layer
ONT-1 ONT-2 ONT-n

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Arsitektur IMS TELKOM

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Next Generation Network

Thanks You
[email protected]

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