Chapter 4 HIRARC

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK

CONTROL (HIRARC) Chapter 4
HAZARD, RISK AND DANGER
 Hazard is the potential of any machine, equipment, process,
material or physical factor that may cause harm to people, or
damage to property or the environment.
 Risk is the probability of worker suffering harm or health
problems or damages occuring to property or the environment as a
result of exposure to or contact with a hazard.
 Danger is an imminent danger is a workplace hazard that puts
workers or visitors at immediate risk of serious physical injuries or
even death.
TYPES OF HAZARD
 Physical hazard - A hazard created by factors within the environment that can cause
harm to the body with or without actual contact.
 Biological hazard - Threats to the health of living organisms, primarily that of
humans, and are most commonly associated with working with animals, people, or
infectious plant materials.
 Chemical hazard- Hazards of exposure to any chemical preparation in the workplace
in any form (solid, liquid or gas).
 Psychological hazard- Stressors that cause stress(short-term effects) and strain (long-
term effects) in physical and mental form.
 Ergonomic hazard - Occurs when strain is developed on the worker’s body due to the
type of work, body positions and working conditions
RISK ASSESSMENT
 The aim of the risk assessment process is to
evaluate hazards, then remove that hazard or
minimize the level of its risk by adding
control measures, as necessary.
 By doing so, you have created a safer and
healthier workplace.
RISK ASSESSMENT METHOD
Risk assessment is a term used to describe the
overall process or method where you: Identify
hazards and risk factors that have the potential
to cause harm (hazard identification).
Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with
that hazard (risk analysis, and risk evaluation).

SEMI-QUANTITATIVE
ASSESSMENT
Semi-quantitative assessment uses semi –quantitative
analysis to quantify the quality assessment into numbers of
scale.
For example, when a task has been identified to have the
lowest severity (negligible or no injuries), it is quantified as
‘1”; whereas a catastrophic situation( an explosion) would
be labelled at the highest rating, which is ‘5’.
SEVERITY AND LIKELIHOOD
 Severity determined by Likelihood is defined as the
modelling the outcomes of an possibility of an incident
event or set of events, or by happening. Example:
referring to experimental
studies or past data and Determining Likelihood of
Occurrence of Hazard
incident happenings. Example: 4: Daily
3: Weekly
2: Monthly
1: Yearly
HOW TO EVALUATE OR ANALYSES RISK BY
USING
SEMI-QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT METHOD
LIKELIHOOD
Yearly Monthly Weekly Daily
1 2 3 4
First Aid and 1
1 2 3 4 Risk can be calculated using the
near Misses
following formula:
SEVERITY
Less than or 4 2
days MC 2 4 6 8
More than 4 3 L x S= Relative Risk
days MC 3 6 9 12 Where, L= Likelihood
Fatality & 4
Permanent 4 8 12 16 S=Severity
Disability
Semi-Quantitative Risk Table

RISK CONTROL
A process of elimination, substitution or minimization of risk
identified through job hazard analysis and risk assessment.
Hierarchy of control:
1. Elimination
2. Substitution
3. Isolation
4. Engineering Control
5. Administrative Controls
6. Personal Protective Equipment
HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
 Elimination-The process of removing the hazard from the
workplace.
Substitution -The process of changing a current process,
substance or material into less hazardous outcome.
Isolation -The process of confining a hazard to small area
and minimizing the exposure of the workers to the hazard.
Engineering Control-Methods used for the design of a
plant, equipment or process to minimize hazards.
HIERARCHY OF CONTROL:
Administrative Controls - Involves planning to minimize

hazardous exposure towards workers and visitors by limiting
workers’ exposure via shorter working hours in awork schedule,
limiting the number of entrances into contaminant areas, or by
implementing other rules or safety policies.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)-Hazard protection
equipment that will protect the user against health and safety risks at
work and reduce hazardous exposure, such as contact with
chemicals, or exposure to noise, radiological, physical, electrical,
mechanical or other workplace hazards.

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Chapter 4 HIRARC

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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION,

RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK

Semi-Quantitative Risk Table

Administrative Controls - Involves planning to minimize

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