Cloud Computing

What is Desktop computing

• A desktop computer is a personal
computing device designed to fit
on top of a typical office desk. It
houses the physical hardware that
makes a computer run and
connects to input devices such as
the Monitor,Keyboard and mouse
users interact with.
 What is Cloud
Computing
• Cloud computing is the practice of
using a network of remote servers
hosted on the Internet to store,
manage, and process data, rather
than a local server or a personal
computer.
Client –Server Computing..
What is Cluster Computing
 What is Grid Computing ?
• Grid computing is a distributed
architecture of large numbers of
computers connected to solve a
complex problem. In the grid
computing model, servers or
personal computers run
independent tasks and are
loosely linked by the Internet or
low-speed networks. Computers
may connect directly or via
scheduling systems.
 What is Cloud Computing?
 Cloud Computing refers
to manipulating,
configuring, and accessing the
hardware and software resources
remotely. It offers online data
storage, infrastructure, and
application..
• In the simplest terms, cloud
computing means storing and
accessing data and programs over
the Internet instead of your
computer's hard drive. The cloud is
just a metaphor for the Internet.
 What is Virtualization
• Virtualization plays a major role in cloud computing as it provides a virtual
storage and computing services to the cloud clients which is only possible
through virtualization.
• A simple example of virtualization is when you create partitions in your hard
disk. Here you are not actually breaking your hard disk into pieces but virtually
you are creating that many partitions of it.

• Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share single physical instance of an

application or resource among multiple organizations or tenants (customers). 

• The machine on which the virtual machine is created is known as host

machine and virtual machine is referred as a guest machine. This virtual machine
is managed by a software or firmware, which is known as hypervisor.
 Benefit of Virtualization
• Protection
• Software testing
• Job migration
• Virtual storage
• Backup
• Easy management
• Resource management.
Level of Virtulazation
 Basic Concept of Cloud Computing
• There are two model used in cloud
computing
1. Deployment Models
2. Service Models
Deployment Models-- Deployment
models define the type of access to
the cloud, i.e., how the cloud is
located? Cloud can have any of the
four types of access: Public, Private,
Hybrid, and Community.
• PUBLIC CLOUD
• The public cloud allows systems and services to be easily accessible to the general
public. Public cloud may be less secure because of its openness.
• PRIVATE CLOUD
• The private cloud allows systems and services to be accessible within an
organization. It is more secured because of its private nature.
• COMMUNITY CLOUD
• The community cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of
organizations.
• HYBRID CLOUD
• The hybrid cloud is a mixture of public and private cloud, in which the critical
activities are performed using private cloud while the non-critical activities are
performed using public cloud.
 Service Models
Service Models ---
• Cloud computing is based on service
models. These are categorized into
three basic service models which are
-
• Infrastructure-as–a-Service (IaaS)
• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
• Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
• IaaS provides access to fundamental
resources such as physical machines,
virtual machines, virtual storage, etc.
• PLATFORM-AS-A-SERVICE (PAAS)
• PaaS provides the runtime
environment for applications,
development and deployment tools,
etc.
• SOFTWARE-AS-A-SERVICE (SAAS)
• SaaS model allows to use software
applications as a service to end-users.
 Infrastructure-as-a-Service
• IaaS allows the cloud provider to freely locate the infrastructure over the
Internet in a cost-effective manner.
• Infrastructure-as-a-Service provides access to fundamental resources
such as physical machines, virtual machines, virtual storage, etc. Apart
from these resources, the IaaS also offers:
• Virtual machine disk storage
• Virtual local area network (VLANs)
• Load balancers
• IP addresses
 Platform-as-a-Service
• Platform-as-a-Service offers the runtime environment for applications. It
also offers development and deployment tools required to develop
applications. PaaS has a feature of point-and-click tools that enables
non-developers to create web applications.
• App Engine of Google and Force.com are examples of PaaS offering
vendors. Developer may log on to these websites and use the built-in
API to create web-based applications.
• Lower total cost of ownership.
• More current system software.
• Lower administrative overhead.
 Software-as–a-Service (SaaS)
• Software-as–a-Service (SaaS) model allows to provide software application as a
service to the end users. It refers to a software that is deployed on a host service
and is accessible via Internet. There are several SaaS applications listed below:
• Billing and invoicing system
• Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications
• Help desk applications
• Human Resource (HR) solutions
 Some of the SaaS applications are not customizable such as Microsoft Office
Suite. But SaaS provides us Application Programming Interface (API),which allows
the developer to develop a customized application.
 Characteristics

• SaaS makes the software available over the Internet.

• The software applications are maintained by the vendor.
• The license to the software may be subscription based or usage based. And it is billed on
recurring basis.
• SaaS applications are cost-effective since they do not require any maintenance at end user
side.
• They are available on demand.
• They can be scaled up or down on demand.
• They are automatically upgraded and updated.
• SaaS offers shared data model. Therefore, multiple users can share single instance of
infrastructure. It is not required to hard code the functionality for individual users.
• All users run the same version of the software.
 Types of Cloud Computing
• Public Cloud  Computing allows
systems and services to be easily
accessible to general public. The IT
giants such as Google,
Amazon and Microsoft offer cloud
services via Internet.
 Private Cloud Computing
• Private Cloud allows systems and
services to be accessible within an
organization. The Private Cloud is
operated only within a single
organization. However, it may be
managed internally by the
organization itself or by third-
party. 
 Hybrid Cloud Computing
• Hybrid Cloud is a mixture
of public and private cloud. Non-
critical activities are performed
using public cloud while the
critical activities are performed
using private cloud.
 What is Community Cloud Computing
• Community Cloud allows system
and services to be accessible by
group of organizations. It shares the
infrastructure between several
organizations from a specific
community. It may be managed
internally by organizations or by the
third-party. 
 Practice questions
Q1. Which of the following is a virtual
machine technology now owned
by Oracle that can run various
operating systems ?
a) Vmachines
b) VirtualBox
c) ThoughtPolice
d) None of the mentioned
Explanation: VirtualBox serves as a
host for a variety of virtual
appliances.
• Q2  _______ provides virtual machines,
virtual storage, virtual infrastructure, and
other hardware assets
a) IaaS
b) SaaS
c) PaaS
d) All of the mentioned
• Explanation: The IaaS service provider
manages all the infrastructure, while the
client is responsible for all other aspects
of the deployment.
Q3 Which of the following provides
development frameworks and control
structures ?
a) IaaS
b) SaaS
c) PaaS
d) All of the mentioned
Q 4_______ is a complete operating
environment with applications,
management, and the user interface.
a) IaaS
b) SaaS
c) PaaS
d) All of the mentioned
Q5. Which of the following is essential
concept related to Cloud ?
a) Reliability
b) Productivity
c) Abstraction
d) All of the mentioned
Explanation: Cloud computing abstracts
the details of system implementation
from users and developers.
• Q6. Which of the following cloud concept
is related to pooling and sharing of
resources ?
a) Polymorphism
b) Abstraction
c) Virtualization
d) None of the mentioned
• Explanation: Applications run on physical
systems that aren’t specified, data is
stored in locations that are unknown,
administration of systems is outsourced to
others, and access by users is ubiquitous.
• Q7. Which of the following is Cloud
Platform by Amazon ?
a) Azure
b) AWS
c) Cloudera
d) All of the mentioned
• Explanation: One of the most
successful cloud-based businesses is
Amazon Web Services, which is an
Infrastructure as a Service offering that
lets you rent virtual computers on
Amazon’s own infrastructure.
• Q8. The technology used to
distribute service requests to
resources is referred to as :
a) load performing
b) load scheduling
c) load balancing
d) all of the mentioned
• Explanation: Load balancing is
an optimization technique.
• Q9. Which of the following type of
virtualization is found in hypervisor
such as Microsoft’s Hyper-V ?
a) paravirtualization
b) full virtualization
c) emulation
d) none of the mentioned
• Explanation: It is the host operating
system that is performing the I/O
through a para-API.
• Q9. Which of the following operating
system support operating system
virtualization ?
a) Windows NT
b) Sun Solaris
c) Windows XP
d) Compliance
• Explanation: This type of
virtualization creates virtual servers at
the operating system or kernel level.
• Q8. Which of the following is a a
third-party VPN based on Google’s
GoogleTalk ?
a) Hotspot VPN
b) Gbridge
c) AnchorFree Hotspot Shield
d) All of the mentioned
• Explanation: Gbridge is an
interesting solution that illustrates
the use of VPN over a cloud
connection.
• Q9. Which of the following is
classic example of an IaaS service
model ?
a) AWS
b) Azure
c) Cloudera
d) All of the mentioned
• Explanation: AWS has several
data centers in which servers run
on top of a virtualization platform
(Xen).
• Q10. Which of the following is most
complete cloud computing service
model ?
a) PaaS
b) IaaS
c) CaaS
d) SaaS
• Explanation: The most complete
cloud computing service model is one
in which the computing hardware
and software, as well as the solution
itself, are provided by a vendor as a
complete service offering.
• Q11. The ________ cloud
infrastructure is operated for the
exclusive use of an organization.
a) Public
b) Private
c) Community
d) All of the mentioned
• Explanation: The cloud may be
managed by that organization or a
third party.
• Q12. A hybrid cloud combines
multiple clouds where those clouds
retain their unique identities, but
are bound together as a unit.
a) Public
b) Private
c) Community
d) Hybrid