Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 61 views

    Measures of Variability

    Uploaded by

    LAWAG, Angelene Mae I.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Measures of Variability

    Uploaded by

    LAWAG, Angelene Mae I.
    61 views19 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    61 views19 pages

    Measures of Variability

    Uploaded by

    LAWAG, Angelene Mae I.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 19

    Sir Sem A.

    Mapa
    Definition of Terms
    Variability – measures the spread or dispersion of a set of data.
    Range R – a measure of variability of a set of measurements is defined as the
    difference between the largest and smallest measurement. This is a very unstable
    measure of variability since we only consider the highest and smallest
    measurement.
    Mean Absolute Deviation – the average deviation about the mean defined by the
    formula
    or
    Variance of Population, , of N measurements –is defined as the average of the
    squares of the deviations of the measurements about the mean .
    or
    Variance of Sample, , of n measurements – is defined to as the measurements about
    the mean divided by
    or
    The Standard deviation of a set of measurements is equal to the positive square root
    of the variance.
    For a population:
    or
    For a sample:
    Examples
    1. Consider the sample measurements 49, 42, 45, 43, 41. Find the range, mean
    absolute deviation and the standard deviation.

    SOLUTION

    The range of the measurement is

    To calculate the mean absolute deviation and standard deviation, first


    find the mean
    Table 1

    49 5 25

    42 2 4

    45 1 1

    43 1 1

    41 3 9

    12 40
    To compute the mean absolute deviation:

    To compute the sample variance:

    To compute the standard deviation


    2. Consider the following measures from a population
    76, 58, 60, 65, 70, 55, 80, 75, 65, 63, 61, 88
    Find the range, mean absolute deviation, and the standard deviation.

    SOLUTION:

    The range of the data set is

    To find the mean absolute deviation and standard


    deviation, find the mean first. The mean is
    Table 2
    76 8 64
    58 10 100
    60 8 64
    65 3 9
    70 2 4
    55 13 169
    80 12 144
    75 7 49
    65 3 9
    63 5 25
    61 7 49
    88 20 400
    98 1086
    To find the mean absolute deviation:

    To find the variance:

    To find the standard deviation:


    1
    Population Variance for
    Grouped Data
    Where there is a considerable number of items in the series the
    calculation of the variance and the standard deviation can be more
    readily performed if the data is first grouped into the form of a
    frequency distribution.
    The formulas are as follows:

    1. The deviation of the midpoint of each group from the arithmetic mean is used as
    a measure of the average deviation from the mean of all items in that group.
    2. The average deviation of each group is squared to obtain the necessary
    deviation squared
    3. The average deviation is multiplied by the frequency indicated for the group in
    order to obtain the total of the squared deviations for that group.
    4. The totals are added for the entire distribution.
    5. Divide the total by N to get the variance. Get the square root of this quotient to
    get the standard deviation of the distribution. Below are the formulas for the
    variance.
    or
    Sample Variance for Grouped Data
    or
    Example Table 3
    Consider the frequency distribution in Chapter 1.
    Classes

    210-219 3 214.5 643.5 33.6 100.8 1128.96 3386.88

    220-229 5 224.5 1122.5 23.6 118 556.96 2784.8

    230-239 8 234.5 1876 13.6 108.8 184.96 1479.68

    240-249 11 244.5 2689.5 3.6 39.6 12.96 142.56

    250-259 9 254.5 2290.5 6.4 57.6 40.96 368.64

    260-269 7 264.5 1851.5 16.4 114.8 268.96 1882.72

    270-279 6 274.5 1647 26.4 158.4 696.96 4181.76

    280-289 1 284.5 284.5 36.4 36.4 1324.96 1324.96

    50 12405 734.4 15552


    The mean of distribution is

    To compute the mean absolute deviation,

    To compute the variance,

    To compute the standard deviation,


    The computation for standard deviation may be
    simplified by the following method

    a. Instead of using the mean, compute the standard deviation about a


    conveniently selected point. For this purpose, the midpoint of any group may be
    selected.
    b. When the class intervals are uniform in size the calculation may be simplified
    by carrying out all computations in the terms of class intervals and then
    multiplying the final result by the size of the class interval. The formula for the
    standard deviation is

    where = standard deviation


    = deviation from the arbitrary mean
    = frequency of values in class interval
    = size of the class intervals
    Using the example in Table 3, we construct Table 4.
    Table 4
    Classes
    210-219 3 -3 -9 9 27
    220-229 5 -2 -10 4 20
    230-239 8 -1 -8 1 8
    240-249 11 0 0 0 0
    250-259 9 1 9 1 9
    260-269 7 2 14 4 28
    270-279 6 3 18 9 54
    280-289 1 4 4 16 16
    50 18 162

    To compute standard deviation:


    Other Measurement of Dispersion
    As the dispersion of the frequency distribution is increased
    the distance between the quartiles is enlarged. Since an
    increased dispersion will be indicated by a greater distance
    between the quartiles, this distance may be used as the basis
    of a measure of dispersion.
    The Quartile Deviation or
    Semi-Interquartile Range
    One half of the distance between the quartiles may be used as a
    measure of the average distance of each quartiles from the
    median. This value is used as a measure of dispersion.
    Example
    Table 5

    210-219 3 3
    220-229 5 8
    230-239 8 16
    240-249 11 27
    250-259 9 36
    260-269 7 43
    270-279 6 49
    280-289 1 50
    50
    Quartile Deviation:

    First Quartile:

    Third Quartile:

    The quartile deviation is

    You might also like