Reflection of Light: Portia Egken, Ed.D

REFLECTION OF
LIGHT
Portia Egken, Ed.D
What Is Light?
1) Properties of
light
2) Colors
3) Reflection -
Mirrors
4) Refraction -
Lenses
Properties of Light
Light travels in straight lines:

travels in straight lines:
Laser
Light travels much faster than sound. For example:
1) Thunder and lightning

start at the same
time, but we will see
the lightning first.
2) When a starting
pistol is fired we
see the smoke first
and then hear the
Definitions
◦ Luminous objects – generate their own light (the
sun)
◦ Illuminated objects – reflect light (the moon)
◦ Line of Sight – a line from an object or image to
your eyes (light from the object travels along this
line to your eyes)
Slide 5
Line of Sight ◦ Both luminous &
illuminated objects
emit/reflect light in
many directions.
◦ Your eye sees only the

very small diverging
cone of rays that is
coming toward it.
Slide 6
Rays of Light
◦ Incident Ray – leaves the
object and strikes the
mirror
◦ Reflected Ray – leaves

mirror and strikes your
eye
◦ The reflected ray is on the

line of sight from the
image to your eye.
Slide 7
Law of Reflection
◦Angle of incidence equals angle of
reflection.
Slide 8
Law of Reflection
◦ Normal – line
perpendicular to the
mirror surface
◦ Angle of incidence –
angle between incident
ray and normal
◦ Angle of reflection –
angle between reflected
ray and normal
i R
Slide 9
Diffuse Reflection
Slide 10
Diffuse Reflection
Slide 11
Wet Road Glare
◦ Driving at night on a wet roadway results in

an annoying glare from oncoming headlights.
Slide 12
Observing an Image
◦ An image is a position in
space from which all reflected
light appears to diverge.
◦ Image formed by a plane

mirror is called a virtual
image.
◦ Virtual images are formed in

regions where there is actually
no light
Slide 13
Image Formed By Plane Mirror
◦ Image is virtual.
◦ Image is located as
far behind the mirror
as the object is in
front of the mirror.
Slide 14
How Big Must the Mirror Be?
Slide 15
Distance from Mirror Irrelevant
Slide 16
Converging Mirror
◦ A series of flat mirrors can be
arranged to reflect parallel
light through a single point.
◦ Increasing the number of flat

mirrors causes the shape to
more closely approximate a
parabola and causes the
reflected light to converge in
a smaller area.
Types of Mirrors: Plane, Concave, Convex
Plane mirrors are

flat and make
“virtual images”.
The images is
“virtual” because
the light rays do
not come from the
image, they only
appear to
Reflection; Image Formation
by a Plane Mirror
What you see when you look into a plane (flat) mirror is an image, which appears
to be behind the mirror.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Types of Curved Mirrors
◦ A concave mirror is silvered on
the inside of the sphere.
◦ A concave mirror is also called
a converging mirror because it
converges parallel light.
◦ A convex mirror is silvered on
the outside of the bowl.
◦ A convex mirror is also called a
diverging mirror because it
diverges parallel light.
Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors
If the curvature is small, the focus is much more precise; the

focal point is where the rays converge.

◦ There would be a line passing through the center of the sphere and
attaching to the mirror in the exact center of the mirror. This line is
known as the principal axis.
◦ The point in the center of the sphere from which the mirror was
sliced is known as the center of curvature (C)
◦ The point on the mirror's surface where the principal axis meets the
mirror is known as the vertex (A) .
Slide 22
◦ The vertex is the geometric center of the mirror. Midway between the vertex and
the center of curvature is a point known as the focal point (F) .
◦ The distance from the vertex to the center of curvature is known as the radius of
curvature (R). The radius of curvature is the radius of the sphere from which the
mirror was cut.
◦ Finally, the distance from the mirror to the focal point is known as the focal
length (f). Since the focal point is the midpoint of the line segment adjoining the
vertex and the center of curvature, the focal length would be one-half the radius
of curvature.
Slide 23
Using geometry, we find that the focal length is half the
radius of curvature:
Spherical aberration can be avoided by using a

parabolic reflector; these are more difficult and
expensive to make, and so are used only when
necessary, such as in research telescopes.

Mirror Formula and Lens Equation
P=1/f (Lens power)

So = Si (Size of the objects and images
do di in a plane mirror and lenses)
1/ f = 1/do + 1/di (Mirror formula)
M = Hi / Ho = -di / do
M = 25cm / f (Magnification in a hand lens)
Slide 25
◦ The magnification equation states that
M = Hi/Ho = - di/do,
where M is the magnification,
Hi is the height of the image,
Ho is the height of the object,
di is the distance from the lens to the image
do is the distance of the object to the lens.
The minus sign signifies the fact that the image will be inverted.
The two equal signs means there are three immediate forms
namely M = Hi/Ho, M = - di/do and Hi/Ho = - di/do.
Slide 26
Slide 27
Slide 28
Slide 29
Slide 30
Slide 31
Slide 32
A. Determine the B. Determine the Height of
location of the image the image (hi)
(di)
Slide 33
(di)
m = hi/ho = -di /do
1/f = 1/do + 1/di
Focal length = is half of the
radius of curvature
Slide 34
(di)
m = hi/ho = -di /do
1/f = 1/do + 1/di
Focal length = is half of the m = hi/2.5 = -12.5 /20
radius of curvature
1/7.5cm = 1/20cm + 1/di hi -12.5

0.13cm = 0.05cm + 1/di 2.5 20
=
0.13cm = 0.05cm + 1/di
Slide 35
(di)
m = hi/ho = -di /do
1/f = 1/do + 1/di
Focal length = is half of the m = hi/2.5 = -12.5 /20
radius of curvature
1/7.5cm = 1/20cm + 1/di hi -12.5

0.13cm = 0.05cm + 1/di 2.5 20
=
0.13cm = 0.05cm + 1/di di = -1.56 cm
1/di = 0.08 cm negative means the

di = 12.5 cm image is inverted
Slide 36
Slide 37
Slide 38
Slide 39
Calculation:
1/f = 1/do + 1/di
1/di = 1/f - 1/do
Slide 40
Calculation:
1/f = 1/do + 1/di
1/di = 1/f - 1/do
1 1 1
-
di = -10cm 30cm
Slide 41
Calculation:
1/f = 1/do + 1/di
1/di = 1/f - 1/do
1 1 1
di = -10cm 30cm
di = -7.5cm
(the – sign means the image will appear behind the
mirror, so is a virtual image
Slide 42
Calculate the magnification
M = hi/ho = -di / do
M = -di / do
M = -di / do
Slide 43
Physics 2 Quiz 5
1. A changing magnetic field creates a changing
_________________.
2. The wavelengths become _____ as the
temperature of the material increases.
3. EM waves carry _________energy.
4. EM waves usually travel slowest in solids and
fastest in _______.
Slide 44
Physics 2 Quiz 5
5. As frequency increases, wavelength
becomes ________.
6. In 1887, ____________discovered that
shining light on a metal caused electrons to be
ejected.
7. How are EM formed?
8. Sometimes behave as Waves or as ________
Slide 45
Physics 2 Quiz 5
9. Cell phones and satellites use __________
between 1 cm & 20 cm for communication.
10. ____was developed in the 1980s to use radio
waves to diagnose illnesses with a strong magnet
and a radio wave emitter and a receiver.
Slide 46
Physics 2 Quiz 5
11. Wave used daily in remote controls, to read
CD-ROMs.
12. -14 Benefits of UV radiation
15. ____was developed in the 1980s to use radio

waves to diagnose illnesses with a strong magnet
and a radio wave emitter and a receiver.
Slide 47
Physics 2 Quiz 5
16. ________ transfers electric energy from one
circuit to another circuit.
17 – 20
Name the electromagnetic spectrum from
larger to shorter wavelength
Slide 48

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REFLECTION OF

Light travels in straight lines:

1) Thunder and lightning

◦ Your eye sees only the

◦ Reflected Ray – leaves

◦ The reflected ray is on the

◦ Driving at night on a wet roadway results in

◦ Image formed by a plane

◦ Virtual images are formed in

◦ Increasing the number of flat

Plane mirrors are

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

If the curvature is small, the focus is much more precise; the

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Spherical aberration can be avoided by using a

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

P=1/f (Lens power)

1/7.5cm = 1/20cm + 1/di hi -12.5

1/7.5cm = 1/20cm + 1/di hi -12.5

1/di = 0.08 cm negative means the

1/di = 1/f - 1/do

1/di = 1/f - 1/do

1/di = 1/f - 1/do

12. -14 Benefits of UV radiation

15. ____was developed in the 1980s to use radio

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