Bangalore Institute of Technology

K R ROAD, V V PURA, BENGALURU – 560004

Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering

Mini Project on
Home Automation and Security using IoT
Submitted By
Anirban Das 1BI19EI005
Hitesh Hatwar B S 1BI19EI015
K S Subramanian 1BI19EI016
Tanya Thaker 1BI19EI040

Project Guide: Head of Department:

Prof. Anjan Kumar B S Dr. H N Suresh

Assistant Professor Professor and Head of Department
Department of E&IE Department of E&IE
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SL. NO. CONTENTS SLIDE NO.
1. ABSTRACT 03
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 04
3. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 05
4. OBJECTIVE 06
5. INTRODUCTION 07-09
6. BLOCK DIAGRAM-SOFTWARE 10
7. BLOCK DIAGRAM-HARDWARE 11
8. COMPONENTS 12-15
9. METHODLOGY-FLOWCHART 16
10. METHODLOGY-STEPS 17
FINAL OUTCOME/CODE SNIPPET/ ADVANTAGES/
11. 18-24
LIMITATIONS
12. APPLICATIONS 25
13. FUTURE SCOPE 26
14. CONCLUSION 27
 ABSTRACT

• The wave of automation has already taken the world by storm, covering almost every aspect of human life Even though
ample videos are surfacing on the internet depicting the use of automation technology in the home interiors such as
switching ON and OFF various gadgets. But, most of the time they need some expensive techs pre-embedded into the things
we want to control.
• Well, the goal of our project is to make a device that would directly fit into the existing classic old-school switches in any
household. The idea is to make use of the IoT concept in the Home automation environment and also to provide some
amount of security against theft.
• The proposed system tackles these two problems very effectively, as the entire system will be a direct application that fits
into the centre of the existing network of old appliances, and also provide scope to expand the automation features for the
future appliances. In the prototype, we will be making use of the Raspberry Pi Development kit, a couple of actuators, and
sensors as our Hardware, and Google's firebase real-time database and HTML, CSS for providing the user interface.
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 LITERATURE REVIEW

YEAR AUTHORS DESCRIPTION

2018 Sudha Kousalya, G. Reddi Priya IOT Based Smart Security and Smart Home Automation
IoT interfaced with Arduino and NodeMCU.

2020 Mubasir Ali, Zarsha Nazim An IoT based Approach for Efficient Home Automation with
ThingSpeak
A comprehensive IoT setup using Arduino connected to ThingSpeak
MQTT Server.
 
 

2021 J. Vijaya Kumari, Pavithra Neelam IOT Based Smart Home Automation System
Local hosted IoT using NodeMCU.
 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

Because there is a requirement for two distinct automation and security modules and services. We have no choice
but to replace all existing gadgets with smart devices that will be automated. Updating real-time data also aids in
keeping track of the current state of all linked devices. Existing industrial automation solutions have the issue of
interfacing, which necessitates the purchase of a new device after the setup is complete.

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 OBJECTIVES

• The main objective of the project is that the users will be able to log in to the database and get all the necessary
information about the current working state of the device without needing to send any requests.

• A user will be able to switch ON or OFF home appliances, through the website in a centralized form.

• They will get a security alert in case of a breach in the house.

• Reducing the economic impact on user when they wish to implement home automation solutions.

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 INTRODUCTION

• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the technology that connects everything. The devices are cleverly linked
together, enabling new forms of communication between people and objects, as well as among themselves.

• IoT has been widely used, for example, in Agriculture, Smart Home, Comfort, Safety, Security, and Energy.
People's needs are increasing these days. They all need to be able to control everything with one hand. They
require a safe, secure, and intelligent house.

• IoT is network of interconnected computing devices which are embedded in everyday objects, enabling them
to send and receive data. Over 9 billion ‘Things’ (physical objects) are currently connected to the Internet, as
of now. In the near future, this number is expected to rise to a whopping 20 billion.

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 INTRODUCTION

Main components used in IoT:

• Low-power embedded systems: Less battery consumption, high performance are the inverse factors that play
a significant role during the design of electronic systems.

• Sensors: Sensors are the major part of any IoT applications. It is a physical device that measures and detect
certain physical quantity and convert it into signal which can be provide as an input to processing or control
unit for analysis purpose.

• a. Different types of Sensors: Temperature Sensors, Image Sensors, Gyro Sensors, Obstacle Sensors, RF
Sensor, IR Sensor, MQ-02/05 Gas Sensor, LDR Sensor, Ultrasonic Distance Sensor

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 INTRODUCTION

• Cloud computing: Data collected through IoT devices is massive and this data has to be stored on a reliable
storage server. This is where cloud computing comes into play. The data is processed and learned, giving more
room for us to discover where things like electrical faults/errors are within the system.

• Control Units: It is a unit of small computer on a single integrated circuit containing microprocessor or
processing core, memory and programmable input/output devices/peripherals. It is responsible for major
processing work of IoT devices and all logical operations are carried out here.

• Networking connection: In order to communicate, internet connectivity is a must where each physical object
is represented by an IP address. However, there are only a limited number of addresses available according to
the IP naming. Due to the growing number of devices, this naming system will not be feasible anymore.
Therefore, researchers are looking for another alternative naming system to represent each physical object.
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 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig: Schematic Block Diagram of Project Blueprint

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig: Schematic Block Diagram of the Prototype

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 COMPONENTS
The hardware components required for Home Automation and Security mini- project
are:
• Raspberry Pi
• MQ2 Flammable Gas and Smoke Detector
• PIR Motion Sensor
• IR Proximity Sensor
• HC-SR04 Ultrasound Distance Sensor
• MG995 Servo Motor
• Stepper Motor
• Camera
• Analog Switch
• 5V Battery UPS
• Piezo Buzzer
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 RASPBERRY-PI

In this Home Automation and Security using Raspberry Pi, it is used for the intelligent control of this
system.

• All of them feature a Broadcom system on a chip (SoC) with an integrated ARM-compatible central
processing unit (CPU) and on-chip graphics processing unit (GPU).
• RPi also houses on the board HDMI port, 3.5 mm analogue audio/video jack, 4X USB 2.0, Ethernet,
Camera Serial Interface, Display Serial Interface.
• One of the most popular OSs used for the Raspberry Pi is the Raspbian Operating system. It is based
on the Debian OS, optimized for the RPi hardware.
• It has Quad core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC @ 1.5GHz.

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 MICROCOMPUTER: RASPBERRY-PI

Fig. Pin Layout of Raspberry Pi Fig. Block Diagram of Raspberry Pi

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 HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Fig. Gas Sensor Fig. PIR Motion Sensor Fig. IR Proximity Sensor Fig. Ultrasound Distance Sensor

Fig. Servo Motor Fig. Stepper Motor

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METHODOLOGY-FLOWCHART

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 METHODOLOGY

Step 1: Interfacing the Raspberry Pi enhancement kit with various sensors and actuators.

Step 2: Authentication of the user using the authentication ID or API key and connecting the Dev-Board to the
Firebase.

Step 3: Reading the current state of devices and send the data to the Firebase-Realtime Database.

Step 4: Updating the data from Firebase-Realtime Database onto the website and sending control commands to the
Dev-Board through the Firebase-Realtime Database.

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 FINAL OUTCOME

• The motion sensors give low if any motion is detected.

• The HC-SR04 measures the distance of the door from the sensors and determine if its fully closed partially
closed or fully open
• The MQ2 sensors detect if any gas leakage is present or not.
• The proximity sensors determine if the window is closed or not.
• The led1(switch activated and website activated), led2(Motion activated and website activated) are working
according to the use case.
• The relay is being triggered successfully either with LEDs or individual activation.
• All these data is sent to the firebase and the Real-Time-Database is being updated successfully every 2seconds.
• The website when launched through VScode live-server connects to the firebase and gets and sets updates
successfully.

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 FINAL OUTCOME

Fig. Module Design (Left-View) Fig. Module Design (Right-View) Fig. Module Design (Sensors)

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 FINAL OUTCOME

Fig. Outputs

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 FINAL OUTCOME

Fig. Login Page

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 CODE SNIPPET

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 ADVANTAGES

Home Automation and Security mini-project plays an important role for conserving the overall consumer
cost by centralizing the home automation system through a web-application, prototype and server and it
also increases the home security. Here some advantages are mention below:

• Increases Security
• Highly Centralized
• Cost-Effective
• Better use of available resources and assets.
• Increased energy efficiency.
• Improved appliance functionality

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 LIMITATIONS

There are some limitation or drawback of this project below mentioned:

• Complex Installation
• Dependency on Professionals
• Dependency on Internet
• Lack Of Public Awareness And Social Responsibility

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 APPLICATIONS

• This mini-project acts as a centralized hub for all the appliances one wish to automate.
• The presence of cameras, motion sensors, and other couple of sensors ensures the security updates by
reporting the breach.
• If one wishes to reduce the overall implementation cost of the system, the mini project is the best to use.
• It can assist in the smarter control of homes and cities via mobile phones. It enhances security and offers
personal protection.
• By automating activities, it saves us a lot of time.
• Information is easily accessible, even if we are far away from our actual location, and it is updated
frequently in real time.

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 FUTURE SCOPE

• Use of Raspberry Pi ensures the future prospect for utilizing powerful AI algorithms for better security and control.
• The state of room (example- temperature, lighting) will change according to personalized choices and preferences
an individual.
• Will reduce the overall home automation implementation cost as compared to the current market standards.
• Use of proprietary website to reduce the 3rd party charges.

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 CONCLUSION

Based on all the research and survey of this project we come to the conclusion which is mentioned below:

• The results of our project work support our hypothesis that the Home Automation and Security mini-
project would play an important role by solving the problem of overall consumer cost by centralizing the
home automation system through a web-application, prototype and server and it also increases the home
security and will solve the power consumption problem.

• The final conclusion drawn from our project work is that the prototype is very efficient and it can be
used in Indian households.

• Through this project, we have been able to work as a team and also, we learned and understood that
with technology, unimaginable wonders can be created.

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 REFERENCES
• “IoT Based Smart Security and Home Automation System” Ravi Kishore Kodali, Vishal Jain,
Suvadeep Bose and Lakshmi Boppana Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
National Institute of Technology, Warangal

• Waheb A. Jabbar, Mohammed HayyanAlsibai, NurSyaira S. Amran, and Samiah K. Mahayadin,

“Design and Implementation of IoT- Based Automation System for Smart Home”, 19 June 2018

• Dhiraj sunehra, M.Veena, “Implementation of interactive home automation systems based on Email
and Bluetooth technologies”, 2015 International Conference On Information Processing,
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Dec 16-19,2015

• Application of Firebase in Android App Development-A Study Chunnu Khawas Department of

Computer Applications Sikkim University Gangtok, India Pritam Shah Department of Computer
Applications Sikkim University Gangtok, India

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THANK YOU

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