READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORICAL EVENTS

PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
1A

GROUP 2:
BUCAYA, Icko R.
BATARINA, Rose Ann C.
BEATOREN, Toni Ann Marie D.
CABILLO, Janesa Maxcen R.
CALDA, Geanne Audrey J.
PRE COLONIAL ERA
(900 - 1521)
 CREATION OF LAGUNA COPPERPLATE
INSCRIPTION
(April 21, 900 C.E.)

The Laguna Copperplate Inscription was the earliest known proof of written
literature in Philippine history. It was a copper metal sheet with ancient writing on it,
written in Old Malay using the Kawi script with Sanskrit and Old Javanese
influences., and it was clearly dated April 21, 900 C.E.
 THE ARRIVAL OF ISLAM
IN THE PHILIPPINES
(1380)

Karim Al Makhdum, an Arabian trader, is said to have arrived in the Sulu

On March 16, 1521, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese navigator who attempted to sail
around the world for Spain, reached the Philippine archipelago. They reached the eastern
part of the province of Samar, the island of Homonhon. Magellan and his expedition were
the first Europeans to discovered the Philippines.
 BATTLE OF MACTAN
(April 27, 1521)

On the 27th of April 1521, a bloody battle took place at Mactan, Cebu, Philippines.
Ferdinand Magellan and his crew were defeated by the warriors of Lapu-Lapu, one of the
Datus of Mactan. The Spanish crew was forced to leave the island and continue their
journey to Moluccas Island as a result of the battle of Mactan.
 OPENING OF SUEZ CANAL
(November 17, 1869)

The Suez Canal was opened on November 17, 1869. The canal allowed the
Philippines to travel faster to Spain, and have direct commercial relations with them.
As a result of the shorter travel time to Spain, more Filipinos were able to study in
Europe.
 THE EXECUTION OF GOMBURZA
(February 17, 1872)

The GomBurZa refers to three Filipino Catholic priests; Mariano Gomez, José
Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, who were publicly executed by garrote on February 17,
1872 in Bagumbayan, Philippines., because of the false accusations of treason,
sedition, and taking a supposed active role in the Cavite Mutiny.
 FOUNDING OF KATIPUNAN
(July 7, 1892)

When Jose Rizal was arrested three days after establishing La Liga, Andres Bonifacio together with
other men planned a secret meeting.On the night of July 7, 1892, a meeting was held in the house on
Azcaraga Street. The meeting attendees agreed to form a revolutionary secret society known as
Kataas taasang Kagalanggalangan na Katipunan na anak ng bayan also known as Katipunan.
REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
(1896 - 1898)
CRY OF BALINTAWAK OR PUGAD LAWIN
(August 26, 1896)

On August 26, 1896, the Cry of Balintawak took place. The Cry, defined as the
moment when Filipinos finally refused Spanish colonial dominance over the
Philippine Islands. With tears in their eyes, the people drew out their cedulas and
tore them apart as one man.
THE EXECUTION OF JOSE RIZAL
(December 30, 1896)

Dr. Jose P. Rizal was suspected of being connected with the Katipunan that had
started a rebellion. After a court trial, Rizal was convicted of rebellion, conspiracy
and sedition; then he was sentenced to death. On December 30, 1896, Dr. Jose P.
Rizal was executed by firing squad in Bagumbayan, at the age of 35.
 TEJEROS CONVENTION CONFLICT
(March 22, 1897)

The Tejeros Convention, also known as the Tejeros Assembly and the Tejeros Congress, was a
meeting on March 22, 1897, in San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite (now General Trias) between
Katipunan factions of Magdiwang and Magdalo that resulted in the formation of a new revolutionary
government that took charge of the Philippine Revolution, replacing the Katipunan.
 Pact of Biak na Bato
(December 14, 1897)

The agreement was officially drafted between the Spanish government and the Biak na Bato
Republic on December 14, 1897. General Aguinaldo and his soldiers were given amnesty, and money
amounting to Php 400,000.00 by the Spanish government in order to execute the pact. The Pact of
Biak na Bato had three documents: Program, Act of Agreement, and a provision for the payment of
damages.
AMERICAN RULE
(1898 - 1942)
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (June
12, 1898)

During the Spanish-American War, Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the
independence of the Philippines after 300 years of Spanish rule. By mid-August, Filipino rebels and
U.S. troops had ousted the Spanish, but Aguinaldo’s hopes for independence were dashed when the
United States formally annexed the Philippines as part of its peace treaty with Spain.
MOCK BATTLE OF MANILA BAY (August
13, 1898)

The mock battle of Manila was staged on August 13. At 7:30 a.m., with American and Spanish
commanders unaware that a peace protocol had been signed between their governments a few hours
earlier, the battle for Manila commenced. Admiral Dewey had cut the only cable that linked Manila
to the outside world on May 2nd; news of the war's end reached neither General Jaudenes or Admiral
Dewey until August 16th.
 TREATY OF PARIS
(December 10, 1898)

The American and Spanish government reckoned the Treaty of Paris as an instrument of Peace, but the Filipinos
resented its conclusion and ratification for they were not consulted and considered in its making. Further, the
provisions of the treaty were not for the benefit of the Filipinos but for the imperialists, instead. With the
signing and ratification of the Treaty of Paris, the bitter relations between the Americans and the Filipinos turned
bitterer and eventually led to another episode that was known as the Filipino-American War.
 MALOLOS REPUBLIC
(January 23, 1899)

The First Philippine Republic, popularly known as the Malolos Republic, was inaugurated amidst colorful
ceremonies at the Barasoain Church. This was also the first republic in Asia. In this inaugural address, President
Aguinaldo expressed his congratulations to the members of the Malolos Congress for drafting the Malolos
Constitution, to the armed forces for winning the country's freedom by force of arms, and to the Filipino people
for their cooperation and sacrifices in the struggle for independence.
JAPANESE RULE
(1942 - 1945)
 BATAAN DEATH MARCH
(Apr. 9, 1942)

On the morning of April 9, 1942, the American troops on the Bataan Peninsula of the Philippines
surrendered to the Japanese. The captured American and Filipino men were then subjected to the Bataan
Death March, a torturous march of more than 65 miles, in which thousands of troops died due to
starvation, dehydration, and gratuitous violence. Thousands more would die in prisoner of war camps
before they were liberated three years later.
 ESTABLISHMENT OF KALIBAPI
(Dec. 8,1942)

on December 8, 1942  "Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas"or better known then as the "KALIBAPI“
was created. The "KALIBAPI" was established to aim at the mental education, moral regeneration, physical
invigoration, and economic rehabilitation of the Philippines under the guidance of the Japanese Military
Administration. It was tasked to foster strong cooperation with the Japanese as part of the Order Great East Asia that
promotes the lifting of the "great Oriental race." The "KALIBAPI" was appointed as a strong right arm of the Japanese
occupational forces of the Philippines.
 THE ARRIVAL OF GEN. MCARTHUR IN LEYTE
OCTOBER 20, 1944

on October 20, 1944, marked the end of the Second Philippine Republic. With him was a fleet of 700 Marine Vessels
with 174,000 men on board. When the Japanese Imperial Forces were informed of the coming of the American
liberation forces, they feared the massive assault might happen. A few hours after his troops landed, MacArthur waded
ashore onto the Philippine island of Leyte. That day, he made a radio broadcast in which he declared, “People of the
Philippines, I have returned!”
MODERN ERA
(1946 - Present)
 MARCOS’ DICTATORSHIP AND THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF MARTIAL LAW
(September 23, 1972-January 17, 1981)

On September 23, 1972 President Ferdinand E. Marcos implemented the martial law that created a terror and
trauma for most of the people. Many human rights violations happened, the press freedom was ignored, no
information can be shared and delivered all through out the company. On the other hand, this proclamation
helped to prevent communist people to take over the country but there are more negative effects than positive.
This dictatorship led to the downfall of the country because of numerous debts and corruption happening in the
government
PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION I (February 22–25, 1986)

Martial law and dictatorship ended officially on January 17, 1981 with Proclamation No. 2045 and with the help occurred in
People Power Revolution I. With the help of the joint forces of the Filipinos, they conducted a revolution in Metro Manila
where people rallied and show the power of the Filipinos to the Dictator of the country. Despite of the heavy military forces
present near the Malacañang Palace, people became so courageous and united that they are not frightened by the corrupted
government ran by Ferdinand Marcos. Thus, this event shows how strong Filipinos are and it became a huge milestone for the
Filipinos up until now.
PRESIDENT RODRIGO DUTERTE’S TERM
2016 - Present

During Duterte’s term, different events occurred that really challenged everyone. First is the War on drugs campaign that shows the
strong resolve of the government to stop and dispose the presence of the drugs in lives of the Filipinos. Different killings occurred
that resulted to different human rights violation but the President still pursued the war on drugs. Second, the build-build-build
program by the government that lead to creation of different infrastructures in the Philippines. Lastly is the COVID 19 Pandemic
that led to another downfall of the country because of huge number of debts that the country has. Thus, it shows that overtime
Filipinos are still suffering from different problems but they are still courageous and optimistic enough to deal with it.