Configuring A Network Operating System

Chapter 1
Configuring a Network Operating System

Outline:
1. IOS Bootcamp
o Cisco IOS Access
o IOS mode of Operation
2. Address Scheme
o Interface and ports
Operating Systems
 All electronic devices require an operating system
 Windows, Mac, and Linux for PCs and laptops
 Apple iOS and Android for smart phones and tablets
 Cisco IOS for network devices (e.g., switches, routers, wireless AP,
firewall, . . . ).
• Cisco Internetwork Operating System(IOS) :

 Is an operating system used by collection of network devices
manufactured by Cisco.
Purpose of Operating System
• PC operating systems ( such as Windows, Mac or Linux) perform

technical functions that enable
• Security
• Control over system performance
• Memory Management
• Device management
• File management
• Switch or router IOS provides options to

• Configure interfaces
• Enable routing and switching functions
How to access the Operating System
The operating system can be accessed
I. Using a GUI :
 It enables users to use a mouse to make selections and run programs
 It allows users to enter text and text-based commands
II. Using a CLI:
 All the Cisco IOS operating systems of switch or router are accessed using CLI.
The network technician and network administrator can
 Use a keyboard to run CLI-based network programs
 Use a keyboard to enter text and text-based commands
 There are many distinct variations of Cisco IOS:
 IOS for switches, routers, and other Cisco networking devices
 IOS numbered versions for a given Cisco networking devices
 All devices come with a default IOS and feature set.
 It is possible to upgrade the IOS version or feature set.
Location of the Cisco IOS
IOS stored in Flash

• Non-volatile storage – not lost when power is lost
• Can be changed or overwritten as needed
• Can be used to store multiple versions of IOS
• IOS copied from flash to RAM
• Quantity of flash and RAM memory determines the version of IOS
that can be used
Cisco IOS
IOS Functions
Major functions performed or enabled by the IOS of Cisco routers and
switches include:
Cisco IOS Access
 The three most common ways to access the IOS are:
1. Console port:
• Out-of-band serial port used primarily for management purposes such as the
initial configuration of the router.
• Device is accessible even if no networking services have been configured
(out-of-band).
• Need a special console cable.
• Should be configured with passwords to prevent unauthorized access.
• Device should be located in a secure room so console port can not be easily
accessed
Cisco IOS access…
2. Telnet:
• Method for remotely accessing the CLI over a network.
• Require active networking services and one active interface that is configured.
• In-band interfaces remotely establishing a CLI session through a virtual
interface, over a network.
• User authentication, passwords, and commands are sent over the network in
plaintext.
3. Secure Shell (SSH):
• In-band method for remotely and securely establishing a CLI session over a
network.
• User authentication, passwords, and commands sent over the network are
encrypted.
• As a best practice, use SSH instead of Telnet whenever possible.
AUX Port:
• Out-of-band connection
• Uses telephone line
• Can be used like console port
Terminal Emulation Programs
 Regardless of access method, a terminal emulation program will be
required installed either on a laptop or desktop to access the Cisco IOS.
 Software available for connecting to a networking device
• PuTTY, Tera Term, SecureCRT
• HyperTerminal
• OS X Terminal
Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
 The Cisco IOS modes use a hierarchical command structure
 Each mode has a distinctive prompt and is used to accomplish particular

tasks with a specific set of commands that are available only to that
mode.
 In hierarchical order from most basic to most specialized, the major
modes are:
 User executive (User Exec) mode
 Privileged executive (Privileged EXEC) mode

 Global configuration (Global config) mode
Cisco IOS Modes of Operation …
User EXEC Mode

 Allows only a limited number of basic monitoring commands
 Often referred to as “view-only” mode
 By default, there is no authentication required to access the user

EXEC mode but it should be secured.
Privileged EXEC Mode
 Allows the execution of configuration and management commands
 Often referred to as “enable mode” because it requires the enable user
EXEC command.
 By default, there is no authentication required to access the Privileged
EXEC mode but it should be secured
Cisco IOS Modes of Operation …
Global Configuration Modes
 The primary configuration mode is called global configuration or
simply, global config.
 Use the configure terminal command to access.
 Changes made affect the operation of the device.
 Specific sub configuration modes can be accessed from global
configuration mode.
 Each of these modes allows the configuration of a particular part or
function of the IOS device.
 Interface mode
• to configure one of the network interfaces.
 Line mode
• to configure the console, AUX, Telnet, or SSH access.
Navigate Between IOS Modes
 Various commands are used to move in and out of command prompts:
 To move from user EXEC mode to privileged EXEC mode, use the
enable command.
 To return to user EXEC mode, use the disable command.
 Various methods can be used to exit/quit configuration modes:
 exit - Used to move from a specific mode to the previous more
general mode, such as from interface mode to global config.
 end - Can be used to exit out of global configuration mode regardless
of which configuration mode you are in.
 ctrl z - Works the same as end.
Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
Navigating the IOS
Primary Modes
Navigating the IOS
Global Configuration Mode and Submodes
Navigating the IOS
Navigating between IOS Modes
Navigating the IOS
Navigating between IOS Modes (cont.)
IOS Command Structure
 A CiscoEach IOS command follow the same command structure but it

can only be executed at the appropriate mode
 IOS device supports many commands
IOS Command Structure….
 The syntax for a command is the command followed by any appropriate
keywords and arguments.
 Keyword - a specific parameter defined in the operating system (in
the figure, ip protocols)
 Argument - not predefined; a value or variable defined by the user
(in the figure, 192.168.10.5)
• After entering each complete command, including any keywords and
arguments, press the Enter key to submit the command to the command
interpreter.
The Command Structure
Context Sensitive Help
The Command Structure
Command Syntax Check
Hot Keys and Shortcuts
• Commands and keywords can be shortened to the minimum number of
characters that identify a unique selection.
 Tab - Completes the remainder of a partially typed command or keyword
 Ctrl-R - Redisplays a line
 Ctrl-A – Moves cursor to the beginning of the line

 Ctrl-Z - Exits configuration mode and returns to user EXEC
 Down Arrow - Allows the user to scroll forward through former commands
 Up Arrow - Allows the user to scroll backward through former commands
 Ctrl-Shift-6 - Allows the user to interrupt an IOS process such as ping
or traceroute.
 Ctrl-C - Aborts the current command and exits the configuration mode
Configuration wizard
• If you unpack your switch and plug it in, you will be running the generic
factory configuration, the setup wizard.
• This configuration is enough to allow you to use the switch on the
default VLAN — vlan 1 — and will have all auto options enabled for
each port.
• There will not be a management interface for Telnet or SSH; but once a
management IP is configured, you can connect with Telnet and the web
browser to make configuration changes.
• When you first unpack a new switch or if you have erased the
configuration, when the switch boots for the first time, it will
automatically enter setup.
• If your switch does not, you have the option of running setup from
Privileged EXEC mode.
• Here is the basic setup process; within just a few minutes, you can have
the management interface on your switch up and running:
IP Addressing Overview
• Each end device on a network

(e.g., PCs, laptops, servers,
printers, VoIP phones, security
cameras, . . . ) require an IP
configuration consisting of:
• IP address
• Subnet mask
• Default gateway
• IP address displayed in decimal
notation, with four decimal
numbers between 0 and 255.
• IP addresses can be assigned to
both physical ports and virtual
interfaces.
Interfaces and Ports
 Ethernet is the most common LAN technology.
 Ethernet ports are found on end user devices, switch devices, and other networking
devices.
 Cisco IOS Layer 2 switches have physical ports for devices to connect.
 However, these ports do not support Layer 3 IP addresses.
 To remotely connect to and manage a Layer 2 switch, it must be configured with one
or more switch virtual interfaces (SVIs).
 Each switch has a default VLAN 1 SVI.
Addressing Devices
 There are two types of IP Address configuration for End Devices
 Manual IP Address Configuration
 Automatic IP Address Configuration
Addressing Devices
Manual IP Address Configuration for End Devices
Addressing Devices
Automatic IP Address Configuration for End Devices
Addressing Devices
IP Address Conflicts
Configuring a Switch Virtual Interface
• IP address - together with subnet mask, uniquely identifies end device

on internetwork
• Subnet mask - determines which part of a larger network is used by an
IP address
• interface VLAN 1 - interface configuration mode
• ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 - configures the IP address and
subnet mask for the switch
• no shutdown - administratively enables the interface
Verifying Connectivity
Testing the Interface Assignment
Verifying Connectivity
Testing End-to-End Connectivity

Configuring A Network Operating System

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Chapter 1

Configuring a Network Operating System

• Cisco Internetwork Operating System(IOS) :

• PC operating systems ( such as Windows, Mac or Linux) perform

• Switch or router IOS provides options to

IOS stored in Flash

 The Cisco IOS modes use a hierarchical command structure

 Each mode has a distinctive prompt and is used to accomplish particular

 Privileged executive (Privileged EXEC) mode

User EXEC Mode

 By default, there is no authentication required to access the user

 A CiscoEach IOS command follow the same command structure but it

 Ctrl-A – Moves cursor to the beginning of the line

• Each end device on a network

• IP address - together with subnet mask, uniquely identifies end device

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