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    Atoms... PowerPoint

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    AIREEN RICO
    Atoms are the basic unit of matter and consist of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons, with the nucleus containing protons and neutrons. Scientists discovered that atoms are composed of subatomic particles including protons, electrons, and neutrons. The structure and composition of atoms was gradually understood through the models proposed by philosophers and scientists such as Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and Schrodinger.

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    Atoms... PowerPoint

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    AIREEN RICO
    197 views23 pages
    Atoms are the basic unit of matter and consist of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons, with the nucleus containing protons and neutrons. Scientists discovered that atoms are composed of subatomic particles including protons, electrons, and neutrons. The structure and composition of atoms was gradually understood through the models proposed by philosophers and scientists such as Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and Schrodinger.

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    Atoms are the basic unit of matter and consist of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons, with the nucleus containing protons and neutrons. Scientists discovered that atoms are composed of subatomic particles including protons, electrons, and neutrons. The structure and composition of atoms was gradually understood through the models proposed by philosophers and scientists such as Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and Schrodinger.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    197 views23 pages

    Atoms... PowerPoint

    Uploaded by

    AIREEN RICO
    Atoms are the basic unit of matter and consist of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons, with the nucleus containing protons and neutrons. Scientists discovered that atoms are composed of subatomic particles including protons, electrons, and neutrons. The structure and composition of atoms was gradually understood through the models proposed by philosophers and scientists such as Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and Schrodinger.

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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that atoms are composed of subatomic particles including protons, neutrons and electrons and that scientific understanding of atomic structure has evolved over time through experiments and new models.

    The three main subatomic particles are protons with a positive charge, neutrons with no charge, and electrons with a negative charge.

    Rutherford's experiment showed that most alpha particles passed through the gold foil undeflected, but a small percentage bounced back, challenging Thomson's 'plum pudding' model where the charge is evenly spread and indicating there is a small, dense positively charged nucleus.

    ATOMS:

    INSIDE OUT
    Atom
    = basic unit of matter that
    consists of a dense central
    nucleus surrounded by a cloud of
    negatively charged electrons.
     Ancient Greek Philosophers thought that atom is
    indivisible, that it has no parts.
     Scientists in the latter part of the 19th century to the
    early half of the 20th century, collected evidence that
    atoms are composed of three types of particles:
    proton, electron and neutron.
    Models of an Atom Based on History
    * Democritus (400 BC)- Greek philosopher
    Atom (atomos: meaning indivisible)
    1. All matter consists of atoms, which are bits of
    matter too small to be seen.
    2. There is an empty space between atoms.
    3. Atoms are completely solid.
    4. Atoms have no internal structure.
    5. Each atom (of a different substance) is different in
    size, weight and shape.
    * John Dalton (1800’s)
    = first to adapt Democritus’ theory into the first
    modern atomic model.
    1. All matter consists of tiny particles called atoms.
    2. Atoms are indestructible and unchangeable.
    3. Elements are characterized by the weight of their
    atoms.
    4. When elements react, it is their atoms that have
    combined to form new compounds.
    * Joseph John Thomson (1890’s)
    = discovered that atoms have negatively-charged
    particle, which he called electrons embedded in a
    kind of cloud or soup of positive charge.
    * Ernest Rutherford’s Team (1910’s)
    = tested Thomson’s model by bombarding a very thin
    sheet of gold foil with positively-charged alpha
    particles.
    Results:
    1. Most of the alpha particles did go through the gold foil
    undeflected.
    Meaning: The atoms with a very small mass of the
    nucleus at the center are not evenly distributed to the
    gold foil. Only the negatively charged electrons
    was hit by the positively charged alpha particles.
    2. Very few of the (α) particles bounced back towards
    the source. Some were deflected at smaller angles.
    Meaning: The alpha particles hit the nucleus of the
    atom containing the positively charged particles.
    Repel Attract

    Positive (+) + Positive (+) = ______


    Negative (-) + Negative (-) = ______
    Positive (+) + Negative (-) = ______
    * Niels Bohr (1910’s) - planetary model of the atom
    1. Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a
    specific size and energy.
    2. The lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit.
    3. They move between each shell when gaining and
    losing energy.
    4. When gaining energy, electrons move to closer orbit
    from the nucleus.
    * Erwin Schrodinger (1920’s) - revolutionary physicist
    He discovered that:
    1. Electrons don’t move around the nucleus in orbits.
    2. Electrons exist in specific energy levels as a cloud.
    3. The electron cloud is the region of negative charges, which
    surrounds the nucleus.
    4. Orbital: The region with a high probability of containing
    electrons.
    Subatomic Location on
    Charge Mass, grams
    particles the atom
    Electrons (e-) -1 9.109 x 10 -28 Outside the
    nucleus
    Protons (p+) +1 1.672 x 10-24 Nucleus

    Neutrons (n0) 0 1.675 x 10-24 Nucleus


     Atoms, in their most stable state are neutral with an
    equal number of protons and electrons.
    Determining the number of protons, electrons and neutrons
    Atomic Number
    = the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of
    an element and its isotopes; used to determine that
    element's position in the periodic table.
    Atomic number = number of proton (p+) = number of
    electron (e-)
    Mass number
    = the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
    of an atom of a particular substance/element.
    Mass number = number of neutron + atomic number
    How to get the no. of neutron?
    Number of neutron = mass number - atomic number
    Example:
    1.Compute for the number of proton, electron, neutron,
    atomic number and mass number of the element.
    Magnesium (24Mg12).
    Answer:
    Atomic number = 12
    Mass number = 24
    Number of p+ = 12
    Number of e- = 12
    Number of n0 = 12
    Assignment:
    1. Do Activity 1: Subatomic particles of an Atom

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