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    Renal Calculi

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    Monette Abalos Mendova
    This document discusses renal calculi, or kidney stones. It describes how stones form from precipitated urinary constituents like oxalates, phosphates, and urates. Stones usually consist of multiple substances deposited in layers and are more common in men after age 30. The document also lists predisposing factors like dehydration and infection and clinical manifestations such as pain and hematuria.

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    Renal Calculi

    Uploaded by

    Monette Abalos Mendova
    18 views8 pages
    This document discusses renal calculi, or kidney stones. It describes how stones form from precipitated urinary constituents like oxalates, phosphates, and urates. Stones usually consist of multiple substances deposited in layers and are more common in men after age 30. The document also lists predisposing factors like dehydration and infection and clinical manifestations such as pain and hematuria.

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    RENAL-CALCULI

    Original Title

    RENAL-CALCULI

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    This document discusses renal calculi, or kidney stones. It describes how stones form from precipitated urinary constituents like oxalates, phosphates, and urates. Stones usually consist of multiple substances deposited in layers and are more common in men after age 30. The document also lists predisposing factors like dehydration and infection and clinical manifestations such as pain and hematuria.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views8 pages

    Renal Calculi

    Uploaded by

    Monette Abalos Mendova
    This document discusses renal calculi, or kidney stones. It describes how stones form from precipitated urinary constituents like oxalates, phosphates, and urates. Stones usually consist of multiple substances deposited in layers and are more common in men after age 30. The document also lists predisposing factors like dehydration and infection and clinical manifestations such as pain and hematuria.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    RENAL

    CALCULI
    • Calculi form in the kidneys and bladder
    when urinary constituents in solution are
    precipitated.
    • the solutes involve are oxalates,
    phosphates, urates and uric acid
    • stones usually consists of more than one
    substance deposited in layers.
    • more common in men, after age 30 years
    of age
    • most originate in collecting tubules or in
    renal papillae
    • then they pass into the renal pelvis where
    they increase in size
    • some become too large to pass through
    the ureter and may obstruct the outflow of
    urine causing renal failure.
    • other pass to the bladder and are either
    excreted or increase in size and obstruct
    the urethra
    • sometimes stones originate in the
    bladder.
    • PREDISPOSING FACTORS:
    • Dehydration – this leads to increased
    reabsorption of water from the tubules but
    does not change solute reabsorption,
    resulting in reduced volume of highly
    concentrate filtrate in the collecting tubes.
    • pH of urine – when the normally acid
    filtrate becomes alkaline some substances
    may be precipitated. This occurs when the
    kidney buffering system is defective and in
    some infections.
    • Infection – necrotic material and pus
    provide foci upon which solutes in the
    filtrate may be deposited and the products
    of infection may alter pH of the urine.
    Infection sometimes leads to alkaline urine
    • CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
    • depends on the presence of obstruction,
    infection and edema.
    • when stones block the flow of urine,
    obstruction develops, producing an
    increase in the hydrostatic pressure and
    distending the renal pelvis and proximal
    ureter.
    • infection (pyelonephritis and UTI with
    chills, fever and dysuria) can be a
    contributing factor with struvite stones.
    • stones in the renal pelvis may be
    associated with an intense, deep ache in
    the costovertebral region.
    • hematuria is often present, pyuria is also
    present.
    • pain originating in the rectal area radiates
    anteriorly and downward toward the
    bladder in female and toward the testes in
    male.
    • if pain suddenly becomes acute, with
    tenderness over the costovertebral area
    • nausea and vomiting appear
    • diarrhea and abdominal discomfort may
    occur.
    • stones lodged in the ureter cause acute
    excruciating, colicky, wavelike pain
    radiating down the thigh and to the genital.
    • often the patient has a desire to void but
    little urine pa

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