Dr. R.

Lal Raja Singh

Professor – EEE
Member – SMC ISTE (TN Section)
KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology
Coimbatore
Energy Scenario
• Introduction

• Primary and Secondary Energy

• Commercial and Non commercial Energy

• Renewable and Non Renewable

• Global primary Energy Reserves and Commercial

Energy Production…
Indian Energy Scenario
Indian Energy Scenario
Sector Wise Energy Consumption in
India
Industry Energy Consumption in
India
Industry Energy Consumption in
India
Continuing this record of energy efficiency improvements in
manufacturing will require both re-establishing emphasis on energy
management and making capital investments in new plant processes and
facilities improvements.
Reducing our energy costs per unit of manufactured product is one way
that our country can become more competitive in the global industrial
market.
It is interesting to note that Japan—one of our major industrial
competitors—has a law that every industrial plant must have a full-time
Energy Manager

Management Commitment
Energy Cost Past and Future

Energy Management Coordinator/Energy Manager

Backup Talent
Typical Organization Designs for
Energy Management Programs

Energy Management Coordinator/Energy Manager

Backup Talent
Typical Organization Designs for
Energy Management Programs
Cost Allocation

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Energy Management Training
Starting an Energy
Management Program

• Visibility of the program start-up

• Demonstration of management
commitment to the program
• Selection of a good initial energy
management project
Energy Accounting
Levels of Energy Accounting
Performance Measures
Energy Utilization Index
Energy Cost Index
Energy Cost Index
One-Shot Productivity Measures
The Energy Audit Process
The goals of the audit are:
• to clearly identify the types and costs of energy use,
• to understand how that energy is being used—and possibly wasted,
• to identify and analyze alternatives such as improved operational
techniques and/or new equipment that could substantially reduce
energy costs*, and
• to perform an economic analysis on those alternatives and determine
which ones are cost-effective for the business or industry involved.
The Energy Audit Process
PHASE ONE—PREPARING FOR AN ENERGY AUDIT
• The energy audit process starts with an examination of the historical
and descriptive energy data for the facility.
• Specific data that should be gathered in this preliminary phase include
the energy bills for the past twelve months, descriptive information
about the facility such as a plant layout, and a list of each piece of
equipment that significantly affects the energy consumption.
• Before the audit begins, the auditor must know what special
measurement tools will be needed. A briefing on safety procedures is
also a wise precaution.
The Energy Audit Process
PREPARING FOR AN ENERGY
AUDIT
1. Gathering Preliminary Data
on the Facility.
• Analysis of Bills
• Geographic Location/Degree
Days/Weather Data
• Facility Layout
• Operating Hours
• Equipment List
The Energy Audit Process
PREPARING FOR AN ENERGY AUDIT
2. Tools for the Audit.
• Tape measures
• Lightmeter
• Thermometers
• Voltmeter
• Wattmeter/Power Factor Meter
• Combustion Analyzer
• Ultrasonic Leak Detector
• Airflow Measurement Devices
• Blower Door Attachment
• Smoke Generator
• Safety Equipment
The Energy Audit Process
PREPARING FOR AN ENERGY AUDIT
2. Safety Considerations.
The Energy Audit Process
PHASE TWO—THE FACILITY INSPECTION
The facility inspection is an important part of the overall audit process.
• The facility inspection can often provide valuable information on ways
to reduce energy use at no cost or at a low cost.
• Actually, several inspections should be made at different times and on
different days to discover if lights or other equipment are left on
unnecessarily, or to target process waste streams that should be
eliminated or minimized.*
• These inspections can also help identify maintenance tasks that could
reduce energy use.
• Broken windows should be fixed, holes and cracks should be filled,
lights should be cleaned, and HVAC filters should be cleaned or
replaced.
The Energy Audit Process
THE FACILITY INSPECTION
• Introductory Meeting
• Audit Interviews
• Initial Walk-through Tour
• Gathering Detailed Data
• The building envelope
• The steam boiler and steam distribution
system.
• The heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning system
• The electrical supply system
• Lights, windows, and reflective surfaces.
• The hot water distribution system
• Air compressors and the air distribution
system.
• Motors
• Manufacturing processes
The Energy Audit Process
The Energy Audit Process
2. Preliminary Identification of Energy Management Opportunities
• As the audit is being conducted, the auditor should take notes on
potential EMOs that are evident.
• As a general rule, the greatest effort should be devoted to analyzing and
implementing the EMOs which show the greatest savings, and the least
effort to those with the smallest savings potential.
• Identifying EMOs requires a good knowledge of the available energy
efficiency technologies that can accomplish the same job with less
energy and less cost.
The Energy Audit Process
2. The Energy Audit Report
• The next step in the energy audit process is to prepare a report which
details the final results of the energy analyses and provides energy cost
saving recommendations.
• The length and detail of this report will vary depending on the type of
facility audited. A residential audit may result in a computer printout
from the utility.
• An industrial audit is more likely to have a detailed explanation of the
EMOs and benefit cost analyses.
• The following discussion covers the more detailed audit reports.
The Energy Audit Process
2. The Energy Audit Report
• The report should begin with an executive summary that provides the
owners/managers of the audited facility with a brief synopsis of the
total savings available and the highlights of each EMO.
• The report should then describe the facility that has been audited, and
provide information on the operation of the facility that relates to its
energy costs.
• The energy bills should be presented, with tables and plots showing the
• costs and consumption.
The Energy Audit Process
The Energy Audit Process
The Energy Action Plan
• An important part of the energy audit report is the recommended
action plan for the facility. Some companies will have an energy audit
conducted by their electric utility or by an independent consulting
firm, and will then make changes to reduce their energy bills.
• The energy action plan lists the EMOs which should be implemented
first, and suggests an overall implementation schedule.
• Often, one or more of the recommended EMOs provides an immediate
or very short payback period, so savings from that EMO—or those
EMOs—can be used to generate capital to pay for implementing the
other EMOs
The Energy Audit Process
IMPLEMENTING THE AUDIT RECOMMENDATIONS
The Energy Action Team
Goals
Implementing Recommendations
Monitoring
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