Global Warming: A Presentation BY Ragini Singh

GLOBAL WARMING
A
PRESENTATION
BY
RAGINI SINGH
INTRODUCTION
• Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average
temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to
be permanently changing the Earth’s climate. There is great debate among many
people, and sometimes in the news, on whether global warming is real (some call
it a hoax). But climate scientists looking at the data and facts agree the planet is
warming . While many view the effects of global warming to be more substantial
and more rapidly occurring than others do, the scientific consensus on climatic
changes related to global warming is that the average temperature of the Earth
has risen between 0.4 and 0.8 °C over the past 100 years. The increased volumes
of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by the burning of fossil
fuels, land clearing, agriculture, and other human activities, are believed to be the
primary sources of the global warming that has occurred over the past 50
years .Scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate carrying out
global warming research have recently predicted that average global
temperatures could increase between 1.4 and 5.8 °C by the year 2100
CAUSES OF GLOBAL
WARMING
BURNING OF FOSSIL
FUELS
EMISSION OF
HARMUL GASES FROM
VEHICLES
DEFORESTATION
INDUSTRIALISATION
EMISSION OF
GREENHOUSE GASES
BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS
When we burn fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas to create electricity or power our cars,
we release CO2 pollution into the atmosphere.
Australians are big producers of CO2 pollution compared to the rest of the world. Our level
of CO2 pollution per person is nearly double the average of other developed nations and
more than four times the world average.
DEFORESTATION

Plants and trees play an important role in regulating the climate because they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and release
oxygen back into it. Forests and bush land act as carbon sinks and are a valuable means of keeping global warming to 1.5°C.

But humans clear vast areas of vegetation around the world for farming, urban and infrastructure development or to sell tree
products such as timber and palm oil. When vegetation is removed or burnt, the stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere
as CO2, contributing to global warming.
Up to one-fifth of global greenhouse gas pollution comes from deforestation and forest degradation
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
The greenhouse effect is a natural effect which helps prevent excessive loss of heat from
the earth’s surface. Without that effect, the earth would have been a lot colder and might
have been less habitable for humans, animals and plants.
There are six main types of gases which create the greenhouse effect. They are carbon
dioxide , nitrous oxide , methane (which is twenty times stronger than
carbon dioxide in greenhouse effect) hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs), perfluorocarbons
(PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride .
INDUSTRIALISATION
Industrialisation has been a major cause of global warming . Climate change can be
described as the persistent change in the weather pattern
engendered by anthropogenic activities. One of the major drivers of climate change
is the global warming. According to Shah , put simply, global warming and climate
change refer to an increase in average global temperatures.
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL
WARMING
Ice is melting worldwide, especially at the Earth’s poles. This includes mountain glaciers, ice
sheets covering West Antarctica and Greenland, and Arctic sea ice. In Montana's Glacier
National Park the number of glaciers has declined to fewer than 30 from more than 150 in 1910.
Much of this melting ice contributes to sea-level rise. Global sea levels are rising 0.13 inches
(3.2 millimeters) a year, and the rise is occurring at a faster rate in recent years.
Rising temperatures are affecting wildlife and their habitats. Vanishing ice has challenged
species such as the Adélie penguin in Antarctica,, where some populations on the western
peninsula have collapsed by 90 percent or more.
As temperatures change, many species are on the move. Some butterflies, foxes, and alpine
plants have migrated farther north or to higher, cooler areas.
Precipitation (rain and snowfall) has increased across the globe, on average. Yet some regions
are experiencing more severe drought, increasing the risk of wildfires, lost crops, and drinking
water shortages
Some species—including mosquitoes, ticks, jellyfish, and crop pests—are thriving. Booming
populations of bark beetles that feed on spruce and pine trees, for example, have
devastated millions of forested acres in the U.S.
Sea levels are expected to rise between 10 and 32 inches (26 and 82
centimeters) or higher by the end of the century.
Hurricanes and other storms are likely to become stronger. Floods and
droughts will become more common. Large parts of the U.S., for
example, face a higher risk of decades-long "megadroughts" by 2100.
Less freshwater will be available, since glaciers store about three-

quarters of the world's freshwater.
Some diseases will spread, such as mosquito-borne malaria (and the

2016 resurgence of the Zika virus).
Ecosystems will continue to change: Some species will move farther

north or become more successful; others, such as polar bears, won’t
be able to adapt and could become extinct.
FUTURE CAUSES
OF GLOBAL
WARMING
RISE IN
TEMPERATURE
MORE DROUGHTS
AND HEAT WAVES
RISE IN SEA
LEVEL
ARCTIC BECOME
ICELESS
CHANGES IN
PRECIPITATION
PATTERNS
RISE IN AVERAGE
TEMPERATURE
Because human-induced warming is superimposed on a naturally varying
climate, the temperature rise has not been, and will not be, uniform or
smooth across the country or over time. Although a steady contingent
of global warming deniers have remained insistent that climate change
does not pose a threat, there is an overwhelming consensus among the
worldwide scientific community that our planet is undergoing significant,
highly problematic shifts. Experts point to rising sea levels, record-
breaking temperatures across the globe, declining air quality and erratic
weather patterns as different manifestations of climate change. Today,
doctors, nurses and other medical personnel are drawing attention to the
negative effects on human health caused by an increasingly warm, more
heavily polluted environment.
According to a 2009 article in Scientific American a team of climate
change researchers from the World Health Organization (WHO) found
that "global warming is [responsible] for some 150,000 deaths each year
around the world"; they feared this number would double by the year
2030. Climate change fatalities are generally linked to four different
catalysts:
EFFECTS ON WEATHER
• The main impact of global warming on the weather

is an increase in extreme weather events such as heat
waves, droughts, cyclones, blizzards and rainstorms.
Of the 20 costliest climate and weather disasters that
have occurred in the United States since 1980, eight
have taken place since 2010, four of these in 2017
alone .Such events will continue to occur more often
and with greater intensity.Episodes of intense
precipitation contribute to flooding, soil erosion,
landslides, and damage to structures and crops.
PRECIPITATION
• Higher temperatures lead to increased evaporation and surface
drying. As the air warms, its water-holding capacity also
increases, particularly over the oceans. In general the air can
hold about 7% more moisture for every 1 °C of temperature In
the tropics, there’s more than a 10% increase in precipitation for
a 1 °C increase in temperature. Changes have already been
observed in the amount, intensity, frequency, and type
of precipitation. Extreme precipitation events are sometimes the
result of atmospheric rivers - wide paths of atmospheric
moisture composed of condensed water vapor. Widespread
increases in heavy precipitation have occurred even in places
where total rain amounts have decreased
OCEANS
• Global warming is projected to have a number of effects on the oceans. Ongoing
effects include rising sea levels due to thermal expansion and melting of glaciers
and ice sheets, and warming of the ocean surface, leading to increased
temperature stratification. Other possible effects include large-scale changes in
ocean circulation. The increase in ocean heat content is much larger than any
other store of energy in the Earth's heat balance over the two periods 1961 to
2003 and 1993 to 2003, and accounts for more than 90% of the possible increase
in heat content of the Earth system during these periods. In 2019 a paper
published in the journal Science found the oceans are heating 40% faster than the
IPCC predicted just five years before.
• The oceans also serve as a sink for carbon dioxide, taking up much that would
otherwise remain in the atmosphere, but increased levels of CO
2 have led to ocean acidification. Furthermore, as the temperature of the oceans
increases, they become less able to absorb excess CO
2. The oceans have also acted as a sink in absorbing extra heat from the
atmosphere
SOLUTIONS TO GLOBAL WARMING
To promote global warming solutions, Environment America, our network
of 29 state affiliates, and members and activists in all 50 states are running
these projects and campaigns:
• Fossil Fuel Free:
Even as global warming accelerates, the major oil, gas and coal
companies are sticking to business as usual. Fortunately, a growing number
of investors understand that the industry’s business model is incompatible
with what scientists are telling us we must do to slow global warming.
That’s why we’re supporting the fossil fuel divestment movement.
• Tropical Forest Protection:
To slow global warming, we must protect the world’s tropical forests.
We’re doing our part by urging companies to commit to stop cutting them
down—a commitment known as zero-deforestation. We are currently
focusing on the beef and soybean supply chain.
Clean car communities: to change what we drive. We’re calling
for all new cars and trucks to be electric by 2035. We know our leaders in
Washington, D.C., are going the wrong way on this issue, so our Clean Car
Communities campaign is We also need urging local and state officials to
point the way forward.
Regional Climate Action: We also must reduce and ultimately
eliminate carbon pollution from power plants. Especially given the
absence of leadership from Washington, D.C., the Regional Greenhouse
Gas Initiative might be the most important climate program you’ve never
heard of.
Environmental Defense: Our Climate: The Trump
administration has moved to dismantle protections that limit global
warming pollution from power plants, cars and trucks, and other sources.
We’re working to defend and strengthen these climate protections.
THANKS FOR
WATCHING !
A
PRESENTATION
BY :
RAGINI
SINGH
IX – A
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GLOBAL WARMING

Less freshwater will be available, since glaciers store about three-

Some diseases will spread, such as mosquito-borne malaria (and the

Ecosystems will continue to change: Some species will move farther

• The main impact of global warming on the weather

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