Rotational Motion and Law of Gravity

Rotational Motion and
Law of Gravity
Rotational Motion
• An important part of everyday life
- Motion of the Earth
- Rotating wheels
• Angular motion
- Expressed in terms of
- Angular speed
- Angular acceleration
- Centripetal acceleration
Gravity
• Rotational motion combined with Newton’s Law of
Universal Gravity and Newton’s Laws of motion
can explain aspects of space travel and satellite
motion
• Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion
- Formed the foundation of Newton’s approach
to gravity
Angular Motion
• Will be described in terms of
- Angular displacement, Δθ
- Angular velocity, ω
- Angular acceleration, α
• Analogous to the main concepts in linear motion
Radian
• The radian is a unit of
angular measure
• The radian can be
defined as the arc length
s along a circle divided
by the radius r
Radian cont.
• Comparing degrees and radians
• Converting from degrees to radians

Angular Displacement
• Axis of rotation is the center of
the disk
• Need a fixed reference line
• During time t, the reference
line moves through angle θ
• The angle, θ, measured in
radians, is the angular
position
Rigid Body
• Every point on the object undergoes circular
motion about the point 0
• All parts of the object of the body rotate through
the same angle during the same time
• The object is considered to be a rigid body
- This means that each part of the body is fixed in
position relative to all other parts of the body
Angular Displacement cont.
• The angular displacement is
defined as the angle the object
rotates through during some
time interval
• The unit of angular displacement

is the radian
• Each point on the object
undergoes the same angular
displacement
Average Angular Speed
• The average angular speed, ω, of a rotating rigid
object is the ratio of the angular displacement to
the time interval.
Average Angular Speed cont.
• The instantaneous angular speed is defined as
the limit of the average speed as the time interval
approaches zero
• SI unit: radians/sec (rad/s)

Average Angular Acceleration
• An object’s average angular acceleration αav
during time interval Δt is the change in its angular
speed Δω divided by Δt:
Average Angular Acceleration cont.
• SI unit: rad/s²
• Positive angular accelerations are in the
counterclockwise direction and negative
accelerations are in the clockwise direction
• When a rigid object rotates about a fixed axis,
every portion of the object has the same angular
speed and the same angular acceleration
- The tangential (linear) speed and acceleration
will depend on the distance from a given point to
the axis of rotation
• The instantaneous angular acceleration is
defined as the limit of the average acceleration
as the time interval approaches zero.
Analogies Between Linear and Rotational Motion
● There are many parallels between the motion
equations for rotational motion and those for linear
motion
● Every term in a given linear equation has a
corresponding term in the analogous rotational
equations
Section 7.2
Relationship Between Angular and Linear Quantities
● Displacements
Every point on the rotating object has the same angular motion
● Everys =
point
θ r on the rotating object does not have the same linear motion
● Speeds
vt = ω r
● Accelerations
at = v/ t
Section 7.3
Centripetal Force
• An object traveling in a circle, even though it
moves with a constant speed, will have an
acceleration
• The centripetal acceleration is due to the change
in the direction of the velocity
• Centripetal refers to “center-seeking”
Centripetal Force cont.
• The direction of the velocity changes
• The acceleration is directed toward the center of
the circle of motion
• The magnitude of the centripetal acceleration is
given by
• This direction is toward the center of the circle

Centripetal Acceleration and Angular Velocity
• The angular velocity and the linear velocity are
related (v = r ω)
• The centripetal acceleration can also be related
to the angular velocity
Total Acceleration
• The tangential component of the acceleration is
due to changing speed
• The centripetal component of the acceleration is
due to changing direction
• Total acceleration can be found from these
components
A race car accelerates uniformly from a speed of 40.0 m/s to a speed of
60.0m/s in 5.00 sec while travelling counterclockwise around a circular
track of radius m. When the car reaches a speed of 50.0 m/s. Calculate
(a) the magnitude of the car’s centripetal acceleration (b) the angular
speed (c) the magnitude of the tangential acceleration and (d)
magnitude of the total acceleration.
= (50 m/s)^2 /
= 6.25 m/s ^2
=ω
v/r = 50 m/s / m
= 0.13 rad / sec
at = vf –= vi / tm/s - 40.0 m/s / 5 sec

60.0
= 4 m / sec ^2
= 7.42 m/s^2
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
• If two particles with masses m1 and m2 are
separated by a distance r, then a gravitational
force acts along a line joining them, with
magnitude given by
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation cont.
• G is the constant of universal gravitational
• G = 6.673 x 10-11 N m² /kg²
• This is an example of an inverse square law
• The gravitational force is always attractive
THANK YOU!

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Rotational Motion and

• Converting from degrees to radians

• The unit of angular displacement

• SI unit: radians/sec (rad/s)

• This direction is toward the center of the circle

at = vf –= vi / tm/s - 40.0 m/s / 5 sec

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