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    Rotation: by Amjad Khan Khalil Amjad@aup - Edu.pk Amjad@kardan - Edu.af

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    Sultan Masood Nawabzada
    The document discusses rotation and scaling transformations in geometry. Rotation involves rotating an object around a fixed point by some angle. Scaling involves enlarging or reducing the size of an object by multiplying its coordinates by scaling factors. Some examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate the new coordinates after a rotation or scaling transformation.

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    Rotation: by Amjad Khan Khalil Amjad@aup - Edu.pk Amjad@kardan - Edu.af

    Uploaded by

    Sultan Masood Nawabzada
    21 views13 pages
    The document discusses rotation and scaling transformations in geometry. Rotation involves rotating an object around a fixed point by some angle. Scaling involves enlarging or reducing the size of an object by multiplying its coordinates by scaling factors. Some examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate the new coordinates after a rotation or scaling transformation.

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    Computer Graphics 9

    Original Title

    lec-09

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    The document discusses rotation and scaling transformations in geometry. Rotation involves rotating an object around a fixed point by some angle. Scaling involves enlarging or reducing the size of an object by multiplying its coordinates by scaling factors. Some examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate the new coordinates after a rotation or scaling transformation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    21 views13 pages

    Rotation: by Amjad Khan Khalil Amjad@aup - Edu.pk Amjad@kardan - Edu.af

    Uploaded by

    Sultan Masood Nawabzada
    The document discusses rotation and scaling transformations in geometry. Rotation involves rotating an object around a fixed point by some angle. Scaling involves enlarging or reducing the size of an object by multiplying its coordinates by scaling factors. Some examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate the new coordinates after a rotation or scaling transformation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 13

    Rotation

    By
    Amjad Khan Khalil
    [email protected]
    [email protected]
    What is Rotation?
     The movement of an object along a curve on
    a circular path is known as rotation.
    Let we have a point
    laying in the xy-plane
    making an angle Ф with P (x ,y )
    2 2 2
    y-axis
    the x-axis. Then its polar P (x ,y )
    1 1 1
    coordinates are θ
    x1 = r cosФ 1 Ф

    y1 = r sinФ 2 x-axis
    Con’t
     Where r is the distance of the point from
    the origin.
     Now point p1(x1,y1) is rotated through an
    angle θ to point p2(x2,y2).
     Thus using geometric identities we have
    x2=r cos(θ+ Ф) 3
    y2=r sin(θ+ Ф) 4
    Con’t
     By expanding eq-3 and eq-4 we have

    x2=r cosθ cosФ – r sinθ sinФ


    y2= r sinθ cosФ + r sinФ cosθ
    By substituting the values from q-1 and eq-2 we
    have
    x2= x1 cosθ – y1 sinθ
    y2= x1 sinθ + y1 cosθ
    Con’t
     In matrix form we can write

    P2 = R(θ) . P1
    Con’t
     It should be noted that the positive angle will
    be measured anti clock wise that is from P1 to
    P2 . But if the angle is negative then it is
    measured clock wise and then the geometric
    identities will become
    Cos(- θ)= Cos θ
    Sin(- θ)=-Sin θ
    And the final equation will be modified
    accordingly.
    Examples.
    Example-1: A point P1(8,6) is rotated at an angle
    of 30° in polar coordinate system to new
    position. Find out the Coordinates of the new
    position of the point. Also draw the accurate
    diagram.
    Example-2: A point P1(7,10) is making an angle of
    50° with x-axis initially. Let this point is rotated
    at an angle of 45°. Find out the new position of
    the point. Also draw the accurate diagram.
    Examples.
     A point P(10,0) is rotated at an angle of
    90° in coordinate system. Find out the
    new position of the point along with the
    suitable diagram.
     A point P(0,7) is rotated an angle of 90°
    in coordinate system clockwise. Find out
    the new position along with the suitable
    diagram.
    What is Scaling?
     The transformation used to alter the size of an
    object is called scaling.
     By scaling the size of an object can either be
    enlarged or decreased.
     This operation can be carried out for polygon
    by multiplying the coordinates value (x1,y1) for
    each boundary vertex by scaling factors sx and
    sy to produce transformed coordinates (x2,y2).
    Con’t
    x2=x1 . Sx
    y2=y1 . Sy
    In matrix form we can write

    Sx 0

    0S Sy
    x

    P2 = S . P 1
    Con’t
     If S>1 then object size will increase
     If S<1 then object size will decrease
     If S = 1 then object size remains
    unchanged.
     If Sx = Sy then such a scaling is known
    as uniform scaling.
     If Sx ≠ Sy then such a scaling is known
    as differential scaling.
    Examples
     A polygon having three Vertices P1(2,2)
    P2(6,2) and P3(4,6). If the scaling factors 1 and 2
    multiplied with P3 then find out the transformed
    vertex P3 along with the accurate diagram.
     A polygon having four vertices, P1(3,2) P2(3,10),
    P3(10,2) and P4(10,10). If the value of scaling factor
    along x-axis is 1 and along y-axis is 2 and the scaling
    performed on P3 then find out the transformed
    polygon with accurate diagram.
    Example-3
     A polygon having four vertices P1(2,2),
    P2(10,2), P3(6,8) and P4(16,8). If the
    scaling factor along x-axis and y-axis is
    -2, 1 respectively and the scaling
    performed on P1 then find out the
    transform coordinates along with
    accurate diagram.

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