Centriole and Centrosome

Centriole and
Centrosome
AVISHI BHAN 11 D
What are Centrosome & Centriole
 Centrosome is an organelle usually  Centrioles are found in almost all

containing two cylindrical structures called eukaryotic cells like animal cells, fungi and
centrioles, which are surrounded by a algae but not found in higher plant cells.
cloud of amorphous material called They are usually present near the nucleus
centrosphere. These two centrioles are but are not visible when the cell is not
called diplosome, are localized in the dividing. All animal cells have two
centrosome in the centrosome at right centrioles. They help the cell during cell
angles. division. They work during the process of
mitosis and meiosis
Structure of centrosome
Structure of a centriole
Structure of a centriole
 A centriole has a whole of nine evenly spaced peripheral tublin. It is absent in the centre,
therefore the arrangement is called 9+0.
 Each fibri made up of three subfibres. Therefore ,it is called triplet fibril constricting of sub-
fibers A, B, C.
 The adjacent triplet are connected by C-A proteinaceous linkers.
 The centre of the centriole possesses a rod shaped proteinaceous mass known as hub.
From the hub, nine proteinaceous strands are developed towards the peripheral triplet
fibris,. These strands are called radial spokes.
 Due to the presence of radial spokes and peripheral fibris, the centriole gives a cartwheel
appearance
 There is no membrane boundary for a centriole, but it is surrounded by pericentriolar
satellite , also known as massule (Microtubule generator or MTG)
9+0 Arrangement
 A centriole is a barrel-shaped polarized structure made up of microtubules. ... The central
part of the centriole is proteinaceous and called the hub, which is connected with the
peripheral triplets via radial spokes made up of protein. This is known as the 9+ 0
arrangement.
 The cell organelle centrosome contains these perpendicularly arranged centrioles
surrounded with a centrosome matrix
 Prior to mitosis , they initiate the process of bipolar spindle synthesis wherein they give rise
to spindle fibers during cell division
 Eukaryotic flagella and cilia share a common structural organization of 9+2 arrangement.
Here the microtubules are arranged peripherally surrounding a central pair of single
microtubules, but differ in length, number per cell etc.
Structure of centrosome
 The centrosome is made up of two perpendicular centrioles, a daughter centriole, and a

mother centriole, linked together by interconnecting fibers. It consists of a complex of
proteins that helps in the formation of additional microtubules. An amorphous pericentriolar
matrix surround
 In post-mitotic cells, the centrosome consists of a mature centriole and an immature
centriole, known as the mother centriole and daughter centriole respectively.
 The centrosome cycle consists of four phases:
• G1 phase where the duplication of centrosome takes place.
• G2 phase where the centrosome maturation takes place.
• The mitotic phase where the centrosome separation takes place.
• A late mitotic phase where the chromosome disorientation takes place.
Function of centrioles and centrosome
centrosome centrioles
• The centrosomes help in cell division. • They help in the formation of basal
bodies which give rise to cilia and
• They maintain the chromosome number
flagella
during cell division.
• Centrioles from the spindle fibres that
• In mitosis, it helps in organizing the
give rise to spindle apparatus during
microtubules ensuring that the
cell division
centrosomes are distributed to each
daughter cell.
• They regulate the movement of
microtubules and cytoskeletal
structures, thereby, facilitating changes
in the shapes of the membranes of
the animal cell.
FAQs on Centrosome
Q. What is the main function of a centrosome?
 A centrosome comprises two microtubule rings known as centrioles. Its main function is to
organize the microtubules and provide a structure to the cell. It also pulls the chromatids apart
during cell division.
Q. What do you understand by a centrosome?
 The centrosome is an organelle present in an animal cell that acts as the microtubule-organizing
centre of the cell. It also regulates the cell cycle.
Q. What would happen if a cell is devoid of centrosome?
 Centrosomes are not essential for mitosis. In the absence of centrosomes, mitosis occurs with a
normal spindle. The microtubules form a bipolar spindle and can undergo interphase.
FAQs on Centrioles
Q. What is the role of a centriole in a cell?
 The centriole is concerned with the cell division. They help in the formation of spindle fibers
that separate the chromosomes during the cell cycle.
Q. How is a centriole different from a centrosome?
 The centrosome is made up of two centrioles. On the contrary, centrioles are the microtubules
that make the centrosome. Centrosome produces spindle fibers during cell division.
Q, Why are centrioles important?
 Centrioles are involved in organizing microtubules in the cytoplasm. The position of centriole
is responsible for the position of the nucleus and is responsible for the spatial arrangement of
the cell. Hence, they are crucial for cell division.
Q. Do plant cells have a centriole?
 The centriole is only found in animal cells and in a few lower plants such as Chlamydomonas.
They are however absent in all the higher plants.
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Centriole and

 Centrosome is an organelle usually  Centrioles are found in almost all

 The centrosome is made up of two perpendicular centrioles, a daughter centriole, and a

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