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    Introduction To Statistics

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    Harshada Sanap
    This document provides an introduction and outline for a course on statistics. It defines statistics as the collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. It discusses the importance and subdivisions of statistics, including descriptive and inferential statistics. It also covers types of data like primary and secondary data. Finally, it discusses various methods for graphical and diagrammatic representation of data, including frequency tables, bar diagrams, pie charts, histograms and other visualizations.

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    Introduction To Statistics

    Uploaded by

    Harshada Sanap
    44 views23 pages
    This document provides an introduction and outline for a course on statistics. It defines statistics as the collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. It discusses the importance and subdivisions of statistics, including descriptive and inferential statistics. It also covers types of data like primary and secondary data. Finally, it discusses various methods for graphical and diagrammatic representation of data, including frequency tables, bar diagrams, pie charts, histograms and other visualizations.

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    This document provides an introduction and outline for a course on statistics. It defines statistics as the collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. It discusses the importance and subdivisions of statistics, including descriptive and inferential statistics. It also covers types of data like primary and secondary data. Finally, it discusses various methods for graphical and diagrammatic representation of data, including frequency tables, bar diagrams, pie charts, histograms and other visualizations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    44 views23 pages

    Introduction To Statistics

    Uploaded by

    Harshada Sanap
    This document provides an introduction and outline for a course on statistics. It defines statistics as the collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. It discusses the importance and subdivisions of statistics, including descriptive and inferential statistics. It also covers types of data like primary and secondary data. Finally, it discusses various methods for graphical and diagrammatic representation of data, including frequency tables, bar diagrams, pie charts, histograms and other visualizations.

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    You are on page 1of 23

    Introduction to

    “STATISTICS”
    Prof. SUJATA SALVI

    1
    Outline

     Statistics and it meaning


     Importance and subdivision within statistics
     Types of data
     Graphical and diagrammatic representation of data
     Measure of central tendency
     Measure of dispersion
     Variance and Standard Deviation
     Kurtosis and Skewness
    2
    Meaning and definition of Statistics

     “Statisticsis a branch of mathematics that


    deals with the collection, analysis,
    interpretation, and presentation of data”

     “Statisticsis the science of estimates and


    probabilities”

    3
    According to this definition, there are four stages

    1. Collection of data
    2. Presentation of data
    3. Analysis of data
    4. Interpretation of data
    Functions of Statistics:
     It helps in simplifying the complex data by way of classification / tabulation /
    graphical representation.

     The tabular / graphical representation of data and other complex statistics help in
    comparison.

     Used to study the relationship between two or more factors.

     The data regarding a characteristic for a series of past periods can be used to
    forecast its value for a future period.

     The powerful function of forecasting leads us to the need of planning and thus
    facilitates in formulating policies and helps in planning to implement these
    policies.
    5
    What is data??
    Sources of data
     Based on type collection of data:
    1. Primary data

    2. Secondary data

    8
    Primary data

    Data that has been collected from first-


    hand-experience is known as primary data.
    Primary data has not been published yet
    and is more reliable, authentic and
    objective.
    Primary data has not been changed or
    altered by human beings, therefore its
    validity is greater than secondary data.
    9
    METHOD OF COLLECTION OF PRIMARY DATA

    A. Observation method
    B. Indirect Oral Interviews
    C. Questionnaire method
    D. Schedule Method
    E. From Local Agents
    F. Survey Method

    10
    Secondary data

     Datacollected from a source that has


    already been published in any form is
    called as secondary data.
     Thereview of literature in any research is
    based on secondary data. Mostly from
    books, journals and periodicals.

    11
    SOURCE OF SECONDADRY DATA
     Published printed source
     Books
     Journals/periodicals
     Magazines/Newspapers
     Published Electronic Sources
     e-journals
     General websites
     Weblogs
    12
    Subdivision within statistics
    1. Descriptive statistics
     Frequency distribution
     Measure of central tendency
     Measure of dispersion
     Skewness
    2. Inferential statistics: uses more advanced
    quantitative techniques

    13
    Numerical data
     Numerical data are data that are recorded as
    numerical values.
     Discrete Numerical data are data that are recorded as a
    whole number and which usually takes only specific
    values.
    Example: If the number of cigarettes that a person smokes
    daily is recorded, that is numerical data (since it is an
    actual numerical value).
     Continuous numerical data can take decimal values and
    may be measures precisely by a machine.
    Example: weight of 65.5 kg.
    14
    Graphical and diagrammatic
    presentation of data
    Huge and scattered data can be condensed and presented in
    the form of tables or graphs.
     Frequency tables
     Simple bar diagrams
     Multiple bar diagrams
     Pie diagrams
     Pictograms
     histogram
     Pyramid diagrams 15
    Frequency tables

    16
    Simple bar diagrams

    17
    Multiple bar diagrams

    18
    Pie diagrams

    19
    Pictogram

    20
    Histogram

    21
    Frequency polygone

    22
    Ogive curve

    23

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