Fuel Feed System

Introduction of fuel feed system
To run an automobile engine, either diesel an petrol

engine the fuel reaches from the fuel tank. And the
petrol fuel tank reaches through the fuel pump, filter
and carburetor to the engine. Carburetor is not needed,
the fuel is injected into the engine cylinder by an
injector.
The fuel feed system:-
1. Gravity system
2. Pressure system
3. Vacuum system
4. Pump system
5. Fuel injector system
Gravity system :-
in gravity system of fuel feed, the fuel tank is mounted at a
place higher than that of carburetor. The fuel flows from the
tank to the carburetor due to gravitational force and it is cheap
and simple system the fuel tank is directly connected to the
carburetor. Scooters and motor cycles makes use this system .
Pressure system:-
In pressure system, a pressure seal tank is used the
pressure is created in the tank by means of a separate air
pump. The pump is primed by cam which produces pressure
in tank and the fuel flows to the carburetor. the tank can be
placed above or below the carburetor.
Vacuum system:-
In vacuum system, the engine suction is used for sucking
the fuel from the main to the auxiliary fuel tank from where
it flows by gravity to the carburetor.
Pump system:-
In pump system, a fuel pump is used to feed the fuel from the
fuel tank to the carburetor. The pump is driven either by the
camshaft or electrically. In this system the fuel tank can be
placed at any suitable position in vehicles.
Fuel injector system:-
In fuel injection system, a fuel injection pump is used in
placed of carburetor . The fuel is atomized by means of a
nozzle and then delivered into an air steam. separate fuel
injection system is used for each cylinder which controls the
mixture under different load and speed conditions.
overview of fuel feed
system:-
1)The fuel tank
2)The Fuel Filter
3)carburetor
4)MPFI,
4)The Fuel Pump
A. Mechanical Fuel Pump
B. Electric Fuel Pump Fuel
5)Fuel Gauges
6)Fuel Lines
7) Air Cleaners
Operation of fuel system
Fuel Tank:-
The fuel tank stores the excess fuel until it is needed for
operation of the vehicle. The fuel tank has an inlet pipe and
an outlet pipe. The outlet pipe has a fitting for fuel line
connection and may be located in the top or in the side of the
tank. The bottom of the tank contains a drain plug.
Fuel Filter :-
To ensure this cleanliness, fuel filters are installed in the fuel
line. Fuel filters can be located at any point between the fuel
tank and the carburetor. One may be in the tank itself, in the
fuel pump or in the carburetor. Any water or solid material
which is trapped by the filter will fall to the bottom of the glass
bowl .
Concept of carburetion
The carburetor is atomizing and vaporizing the fuel and mixing
it with the air in varying proportions to the suit the changing
conditions of spark ignition engines.
Working of carburetor
The throttle (accelerator) linkage does not directly control the
flow of liquid fuel. Instead, it actuates carburetor mechanisms
which meter the flow of air being pushed into the engine. The
speed of this flow, and therefor its pressure, determines the
amount of fuel drawn into the airstream. The carburetor has
following components which given below:-
 Venture tube
 Throttle valve
 Metering system
Working of carburetor
multi point fuel injection (MPFI):-
The MPFI is a system or method of injecting fuel
into internal combustion engine through multi ports
situated on intake valve of each cylinder. It delivers
an exact quantity of fuel in each cylinder at the
right time. there are three types of MPFI system –
batched, simultaneous and sequential.
Working of MPFI
Advantages of MPFI system:-
• The MPFI system encourages effective fuel utilization and
distribution .
• It improve functionality and durability of engine
component.
• The MPFI engine vibrate less and do not required to be
cranked twice or thrice in cold weather.
• The MPFI automobile technology improve the engine
response during sudden acceleration and deceleration.
Fuel Pump :-
The fuel pump has three functions: to deliver enough fuel to
supply the requirements of an engine under all operating
conditions, to maintain enough pressure in the line between the
carburetor and the pump to keep the fuel from boiling.
Excessive pressure can hold the carburetor float needle off its
seat, causing high gasoline level in the float chamber.
MECHANICAL FUEL PUMP
pulling the lever and diaphragm down against the
pressure of the diaphragm spring and producing suction
(vacuum) in the pump chamber. The suction will hold the
outlet valve closed and pull the inlet valve open.
Electric Fuel Pump
The electrically driven turbine type of pump, first used
on the Buick Riviera, was a great departure from the
usual fuel pump design. It uses a small turbine wheel
driven by a constant speed electric motor.
Fuel Gauge:-
A fuel gauge is used to indicate to the driver the level of the
fuel in the tank.
 Fuel gauges are usually of the following types:-
1. AC electric fuel gauge with balanced coils
2. bimetal type electric fuel gauge
3. Thermal type electric fuel gauge
4. Thermostatic type electric fuel gauge.
1.AC electric fuel gauge with
balanced coils:-
It consist of two unit tank unit and dash unit .The two unit are
connected by a single wire . Tank unit comprises a rheostat and
float . The rheostat contact is actuated by float to assume a
position on the resistance corresponding to the position of float
in the fuel tank.
2.bimetal type electric fuel
gauge:-
It also consists of two units-The sender and dash unit(receiver
unit). The sender unit is located in the tank.it consist of heating
coil wound around a bimetal strip and on external float
mechanism which acts through a cam and flexible diaphragm.
which turn varies the tension in the bimetal strip.
Fuel Lines :-
Fuel lines, which connect all the units of the fuel system, are
usually made of rolled steel or, sometimes, of drawn copper. The
Fuel lines are placed as far away from exhaust pipes. o that
excessive heat will not cause vapor lock. They are attached to
the frame, the engine.
Air Cleaners:-
Air cleaners are made to separate dust and other particles in the
incoming air before it enters the carburetor. e if it is not filtered
and cleaned. Dust and other foreign materials in the engine will
cause excessive wear and operating problems.
Wet cleaner:-
It use for cleaning the atmospheric air.
It consists of wire mesh filtering element which is
coated with in oil fill .
This type of air cleaner should be clean
periodically about every 8000 km.

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Introduction of fuel feed system

To run an automobile engine, either diesel an petrol

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