Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 29 views

    Renal Pharmacology Final

    Uploaded by

    Jason Cabrera
    The document discusses renal pharmacology and the mechanism of urine formation, which involves glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion occurring at different sites along the nephron. It also describes different classes of diuretics including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics, thiazide-like diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, and osmotic diuretics. Finally, it discusses various antidiuretic hormones including vasopressin, argipressin, desmopressin, lypressin, oxytocin, and terlipressin that help control fluid balance by reducing urination.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Renal Pharmacology Final

    Uploaded by

    Jason Cabrera
    29 views33 pages
    The document discusses renal pharmacology and the mechanism of urine formation, which involves glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion occurring at different sites along the nephron. It also describes different classes of diuretics including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics, thiazide-like diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, and osmotic diuretics. Finally, it discusses various antidiuretic hormones including vasopressin, argipressin, desmopressin, lypressin, oxytocin, and terlipressin that help control fluid balance by reducing urination.

    Original Description:

    Renal Pharmacology PDF

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses renal pharmacology and the mechanism of urine formation, which involves glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion occurring at different sites along the nephron. It also describes different classes of diuretics including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics, thiazide-like diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, and osmotic diuretics. Finally, it discusses various antidiuretic hormones including vasopressin, argipressin, desmopressin, lypressin, oxytocin, and terlipressin that help control fluid balance by reducing urination.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    29 views33 pages

    Renal Pharmacology Final

    Uploaded by

    Jason Cabrera
    The document discusses renal pharmacology and the mechanism of urine formation, which involves glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion occurring at different sites along the nephron. It also describes different classes of diuretics including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics, thiazide-like diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, and osmotic diuretics. Finally, it discusses various antidiuretic hormones including vasopressin, argipressin, desmopressin, lypressin, oxytocin, and terlipressin that help control fluid balance by reducing urination.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 33

    RENAL PHARMACOLOGY

    MECHANISM OF URINE FORMATION

    It consist of the following steps:


    • Glomerular filtration
    • Tubular reabsorption
    • Active tubular secretion
    PROXIMAL
    CONVOLUTED
    TUBULE:
    SITE-1
    LOOP OF
    HENLE
    THICK
    ASCENDING
    LIMB OF LOOP
    OF HENLE SITE-2
    EARLY
    DISTAL
    TABLE SITE-3
    EARLY DISTAL
    TUBULE AND
    COLLECTING
    DUCT SITE-4
    DIURETICS
    CLASSIFICATION OF DIURETICS
    CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
    USES OF CAI:

    Acetazolamide is not used as diuretic because of its


    low efficacy. It is use in the following condition.
    • Glaucoma
    • To alkalinize urine in acidic drug poisoning
    • Acute mountain sickness
    • Miscellaneous
    ADVERSE EFFECT OF CAI

    Hypersensitivity
    Skin rashes Fever Drowsiness Paresthesia
    reaction

    Metabolic
    Hypokalemia Renal Stone Headache
    acidosis
    CONTRAINDICATION OF CAI

    LIVER DISEASE: Hepatic coma may be precipitated in


    patient with cirrhosis due to decreased excretion of NH3 in
    alkaline
    COPD: Worsening of metabolic acidosis is seen in patient
    with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
    LOOP
    DIURETICS
    (HIGH CEILING
    DIURETICS)
    THERAPEUTIC USES OF FUROSEMIDE
    ADVERSE EFFECT:
    DRUG INTERACTION

    Furosemide x digoxin

    Furosemide x aminoglycoside

    Furosemide x NSAIDs

    Furosemide x lithium

    Furosemide x amiloride
    THIAZIDE –  Chlorthalidone is a frequently used thiazide like diuretic in
    hypertension as it has a long duration of action. Indapamide
    LIKE and metolazone are more potent, longer acting and produce
    fewer adverse effect than thiazides. They are used in
    DIURETICS hypertension
    ADVERSE EFFECTS
    POTASSIUM
    SPARING
    DIURETICS
    (ALDOSTERONE
    ANTAGONIST)
    PHARMACOKINETICS
    DRUG INTERACTION
    OSMOTIC
    DIURETICS
    USES OF OSMOTIC DIURETICS
    ANTIDIURETIC
    S
    • a substance that helps to control fluid balance in
    an animal's body by reducing
    urination, opposing diuresis. Its effects are
    opposite that of a diuretic. The major
    endogenous antidiuretics are antidiuretic hormone
    (ADH; also called vasopressin) and oxytocin.
     The antidiuretic hormone class
    WHAT ARE THE
    includes vasopressin (ADH),
    TYPES OF argipressin, desmopressin, lypressin,
    ANTIDIURETIC? oxytocin, and terlipressin.
    VASOPRESSIN

    • Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or arginine


    vasopressin (AVP) is a nonapeptide synthesized in the
    hypothalamus. Science has known it to play essential
    roles in the control of the body’s osmotic balance,
    blood pressure regulation, sodium homeostasis, and
    kidney functioning.
    ARGIPRESSIN

    • plays a role in regulating the circadian


    rhythm — the periods of sleepiness and
    wakefulness in a 24-hour cycle. Vasopressin
    also helps maintain the body's internal
    temperature, its blood volume, and the
    proper flow of urine from the kidneys.
    D`ESMOPRESSIN

    • Desmopressin is a man-made form of


    vasopressin and is used to replace a low
    level of vasopressin. This medication helps
    to control increased thirst and too much
    urination due to these conditions, and helps
    prevent dehydration. Desmopressin is also
    used to control nighttime bedwetting in
    children.
    LYPRESSIN

    • a hormone used to prevent or control the


    frequent urination, increased thirst, and loss
    of water associated with diabetes insipidus
    (water diabetes).
    OXYTOCIN

    • a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and secreted


    by the pituitary gland.

    • Oxytocin is a hormone and a neurotransmitter that is


    involved in childbirth and breast-feeding. It is also
    associated with empathy, trust, sexual activity, and
    relationship-building. It is sometimes referred to as the
    “love hormone,” because levels of oxytocin increase
    during hugging and orgasm.
    TERLIPRESSIN

    • Terlipressin, an inactive prodrug, is


    converted via enzymatic cleavage to
    lysine-vasopressin. Terlipressin is indicated
    in the treatment of bleeding oesophageal
    varices. The administration of terlipressin
    serves the emergency care for acute
    bleeding oesophageal varices until
    endoscopic therapy is available.

    You might also like