Mathscitech PPT The Internet 2021

THE INTERNET
A. Brief History of Internet

B. Major Components of the Internet
C. Uses of the Internet
D. Internet terms and Definition
FREDERICK NORADA LIPON

A Brief History of the Internet
• The Internet started in the 1960s as a way for

government researchers to share information.
Computers in the '60s were large and
immobile and in order to make use of
information stored in any one computer, one
had to either travel to the site of the computer
or have magnetic computer tapes sent
through the conventional postal system.
• Another catalyst in the formation of the Internet was the

heating up of the Cold War. The Soviet Union's launch of the
Sputnik satellite spurred the U.S. Defense Department to
consider ways information could still be disseminated even
after a nuclear attack. This eventually led to the formation of
the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network),
the network that ultimately evolved into what we now know
as the Internet. ARPANET was a great success but membership
was limited to certain academic and research organizations
who had contracts with the Defense Department. In response
to this, other networks were created to provide information
sharing.
January 1, 1983 is considered the official birthday of the

Internet. Prior to this, the various computer networks did
not have a standard way to communicate with each other.
A new communications protocol was established called
Transfer Control Protocol/Internetwork Protocol (TCP/IP).
This allowed different kinds of computers on different
networks to "talk" to each other. ARPANET and the Defense
Data Network officially changed to the TCP/IP standard on
January 1, 1983, hence the birth of the Internet. All
networks could now be connected by a universal language.
The image above is a scale model of the UNIVAC I (the name stood for
Universal Automatic Computer) which was delivered to the Census
Bureau in 1951. It weighed some 16,000 pounds, used 5,000 vacuum
tubes, and could perform about 1,000 calculations per second. It was
the first American commercial computer, as well as the first computer
designed for business use. (Business computers like the UNIVAC
processed data more slowly than the IAS-type machines, but were
designed for fast input and output.) The first few sales were to
government agencies, the A.C. Nielsen Company, and the Prudential
Insurance Company. The first UNIVAC for business applications was
installed at the General Electric Appliance Division, to do payroll, in
1954. By 1957 Remington-Rand (which had purchased the Eckert-
Mauchly Computer Corporation in 1950) had sold forty-six machines.
INTERNET
The Internet is a vast network that connects
computers all over the world. Through the
Internet, people can share information and
communicate from anywhere with an Internet
connection.
Major Components of the Internet
Service IP Address
An IP address is a unique address that identifies a
device on the internet or a local network. IP
stands for "Internet Protocol," which is the set of
rules governing the format of data sent via the
internet or local network.
Browser
• software that allows a computer user to find
and view information on the Internet. Web
browsers interpret the HTML tags in
downloaded documents and format the
displayed data according to a set of standard
style rules.
Domain Name Server
is a server that is specifically used for matching
website hostnames (like example.com)to their
corresponding Internet Protocol or IP addresses.
The DNS server contains a database of public IP
addresses and their corresponding domain
names.
• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a
company such as AT&T, Verizon, Comcast, or
Spectrum that provides Internet access to
companies, families, and even mobile users.
ISPs use fiber-optics, satellite, copper wire,
and other forms to provide Internet access to
its customers
Uses of the Internet
1. Electronic mail. At least 85% of the inhabitants
of cyberspace send and receive e-mail. Some 20
million e-mail messages cross the Internet every
week.
2. Research
3. Downloading Files
4. Discussion groups. These include public groups,
such as those on Usenet, and the private
mailing lists that ListServ manages.
Uses of the Internet
5. Interactive games.
6. Education and self-improvement. On-line courses and
workshops have found yet another outlet.
7. Friendship and dating. You may be surprised at the
number of electronic “personals” that you can find on
the World Wide Web.
8. Electronic newspapers and magazines. This category
includes late-breaking news, weather, and sports. We’re
likely to see this category leap to the top five in the next
several years.
9. Job-hunting. Classified ads are in abundance,
but most are for technical positions.
10. Shopping. It’s difficult to believe that this
category even ranks. It appears that
“cybermalls” are more for curious than serious
shoppers.

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THE INTERNET

A. Brief History of Internet

FREDERICK NORADA LIPON

• The Internet started in the 1960s as a way for

• Another catalyst in the formation of the Internet was the

January 1, 1983 is considered the official birthday of the

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