Tool and Die

TOOL AND DIE
• DIE – A die is a specialized tool used in

manufacturing industries to cut or shape
material using a press. Like molds, dies are
generally customized to the item they are
used to create. Product made with the dies
range from simple paper clips to complete
pieces used in advanced technology.
• DIE FORMING – forming dies are typically
made be tool and die makers and put into
production after mounting into press. The die
is a metal block that is used for forming
materials like sheet, metal and plastic. For
vacuum forming of plastic sheet, only a single
form is used. Typically to form transparent
plastic container ( called blister pack ) for
merchandise. Vacuum forming is considered a
simple molding thermoforming process but uses
the same principles as die forming. For the forming
of sheet metal such as automobile body parts ,
two parts may be used , one called punch performs
the stretching, bending and blanking operation.
• While the other part called die block, security
the workpiece and provide similar stretching
bending and or blanking operation.
The workpiece through the several stage using
different tools or operation to obtain the final
form. In the case of an automotive component
there will usually be a shearing operation after the
main forming is done and then additional crimping
or rolling operation to ensure that all sharp edges
are hidden and add rigidity to the panel.
Die Components
Main components for die tool sets are :
 Die Block – this is the main part that all other
parts are attached.
Punch Plate – this part hold and supports the
different punches in place.
Blank Punch – this part along with the blank
die produces the blank part.
Pierce Punch – this part along with the pierce
die remove parts from the blanked finished part.
Stripper Plate – this used to hold the materials
down on the blank/pierce die and strip the
material off the punches.
Pilot – this use to keep the material being
worked on in position.
Guide/Back Gauge/Finger Stop – these part are
all use to make sure that the material being worked
on always goes on the same position , within the
die as last one.
Setting Block – this part is used to control the
depth that the punch does into the die.
DIE OPERATION AND TYPES
Die operations are obtain name after the
specific type of die that performs the operation.
For example a bending is perform by a bending
die. Operation are not limited to one specific die
as some die may incorporate multiple operation.
1. Bending die – is the act of bending blanks at a
predetermined angle. An example would be
an “L” bracket which is a straight pierce or
mortal bent at a 90⁰ angle. The main
difference between a forming operation and a
bending operation is the bending operation
creates a straight line bend ( such a corner in
box ) as where a forming operation may creates a
straight line bend a curved bend ( such as the
bottom of a drink can ) .
2. Blanking Die – a blanking die produces a flat
piece of material by cutting the desired shape in
one operation. The finish part is referred to as a
blank. Generally a blanking die may only cut the
outside contour of a part often use the parts with
no internal features.
3 Benefits to Blanking Dies :
a. Accuracy – a properly sharpened die with correct
amount of clearance between the punch and die
will produce a part that holds close dimensional
tolerance in relationship to the parts edges.
b.Appearance – since the part is blanked in one
operation , the finish edges of the part produces
a uniform appearance.
c. Flatness – Due to the even compression of the
blank process the end result is a flat part that
may retain a specific level of flatness for
additional manufacturing operation.
3. Broaching Die – the process of removing
material through the use of multiple cutting
teeth with each tooth cutting behind each
other. A broaching die is often use to remove
material from parts that are too thick for
shaving.
4. Bulging Die – expands the closed end of tube
through the use of two types of bulging dies.
a.Bulging fluid dies – uses water or oil as a
vehicle to expand the part.
b.Bulging Rubber dies – uses a rubber pad or
block under pressure to move the wall of a
workpiece.
5. Curling Die – curling operation is used to roll the
material into a curve shape. A door hinges is an
example of a part created by a curling die.
6. Coining Die – is similar to forming with the main
difference being that a coining die may form
completely different. Features on either face of the
punch or do respectively. The coining die and
punch flow the metal by squeezing the blank
within a confined area instead of bending the
blank. For example : An Olympic medal that was
formed from a coining die may have a flat surface
on the Back and a raised feature of the front.
If the medal is formed the surface on the back
would be the reverse image of the front.
7. Compound Die – perform multiple operation on
the part . The Compound operation is the act of
implementing more than one operation during the
press cycle. It is a type of die that has the die block
mounted on the punch plate with perforators in
the upper die with the inner punch mounted in the
lower die. A compound die allows the cutting of
internal and external part feature on a single press
stroke.
8. Cut-Off Die – used to cut off excess material
from a finish end of a part or to cut off
predetermined length of material for additional
operation.
9. Drawing Dies – drawing operation is very
similar to the forming operation except that the
drawing operation undergoes plastic deformation
and the material of the part extends around the
sides. A metal cup with a detail feature at the
bottom is an example of the difference between
formed and drawn. The bottom of the cup was
form while the sides were drawn.

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TOOL AND DIE

• DIE – A die is a specialized tool used in

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