KINSHIP,

MARRIAGE &
THE
HOUSEHOLD
GROUP 4
WHAT IS KINSHIP?

- refers to the culturally defined

relationships between individuals
who are commonly thought of as
having family ties.
TYPES OF KINSHIP
TYPES OF KINSHIP BY BLOOD
KINSHIP
- Consanguineal: This kinship is based
on blood—or birth: the relationship
between parents and children as well as
siblings.
- This is the most basic and universal
type of kinship. Also known as a primary
kinship, it involves people who are
directly related.
DESCENT refers to a biological relationship.
Societies recognize that children descend from
parents and that there exists a biological
relationship between parents and their offspring.
Descent also often refers to an individual's child
or offspring or his or her parents and ancestry.

LINEAGE refers to the line where one's

descent is traced. An individual's descent can
be traced by studying either the person's
paternal or maternal line or both the father's
and the mother's line.
PRINCIPLES
OF DESCENT
Kinship can be studied by analyzing the
relationships that exist between persons.
Anthropologists develop diagrams to clearly
explain and illustrate the d i ff e r e n t
consanguineal relationships.
UNILINEAL
DESCENT
- In this principle of descent,
both males and females are
members of a unilineal family
but their descent lines are
recognized only through the
relatives of either the male and
female member. Unilineal
descent have two basic forms,
namely, patrilineal and
matrilineal.
PATRILINEAL
DESCENT
- In a patrilineal descent, children are
automatically made members of the father's
group only.
- In this form of descent, only the males pass on
to their children their family identity.
MATRILINEAL
DESCENT Descent is traced through the
female line. Children belong to
the mother ’s descent group.
Inheritance from mother to
daughter. The inclusion of a
husband in the household is less
important. Women usually have
higher status.
 BILATERAL
- i s aDESCENT
system of family
lineage in which the
relatives on the mother's
side and father's side are
equally i mp o r t a n t for
emotional ties or for
transfer of property or
wealth. It is a family
arrangement where
descent and inheritance
are passed equally
through both parents.
Legend:
"Ego refers to a person to whom kinship relationships are referred to and that has no specific gender.
 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
- Affinal kinship or kinship based on
marriage refers to the type of relations
developed when a marriage occurs.

When marriage takes place, new forms of

social relations are developed. The husband
forms new relations with his wife and with
his wife's family. In the same manner, the
wife also develops new relations with her
husband and with her husband's family.
Moreover, the families of both the husband
and wife also form new social relations with
each other.
MARRIAGE ACROSS
CULTURES
 Endogamy
-also called in-marriage, custom enjoining one to marry
within one’s own group. The penalties for transgressing
endogamous restrictions have varied greatly among cultures and
have ranged from death to mild disapproval

Exogamy
-also called out-marriage, custom enjoining marriage outside one’s
own group. In some cases, the rules of exogamy may also specify the
outside group into which an individual must marry. The severity of
enforcement of exogamous restrictions varies greatly across cultures
and may range from death to mild disapproval.
MONOGAM
Y
- is a relationship with only one partner at a time, rather
than multiple partners. ... Many modern relationships are
monogamous. But even if they want to be with just one
partner, some people have trouble staying monogamous.
This can lead to infidelity, separation, breakups, and
divorce.

POLYGAM MONOGAMY
Y
- is the practice of marrying multiple spouses.
When a man is married to more than one wife at
the same time, sociologists call this polygyny.
V.S
POLYGAMY
When a woman is married to more than one
husband at a time, it is called polyandry. In
contrast to polygamy, monogamy is marriage
consisting of only two parties.
 POST-MARITAL RESIDENCY
RULES
1. Patrilocal rule of residence occurs when married couples stay in the
house of the husband's relatives or near the husband's kin.
2. Matrilocal rule of residence happens when the couples live with the
wife's relative or near the wife's kin.
3. Biolocal residence happens when thenewlywed couple stay with the
husband's relatives and the wife's kin alternately.
 REFERED MARRIAGE
and ARRANGED MARRIAGE
Refered Marriage
- is a type of marriage which involve individual's friend
of relatives as matchmakers. These matchmakers
then help their friend refer to someone who is also interested
in fi nding life partners.

Arranged Marriage
- is an greement in which both par ties consent to the
assistance of their parents or a third par ty.
 REFERED MARRIAGE
and ARRANGED MARRIAGE
TYPES OF ARRANGED
1. MARRIAGE:
Child marriage
-It happens when parents arrange for the marriage.
of their child long before the marriage takes place. The marriage will be
consummated in the future.
2. Exchange marriage
-In this form of marriage, there is a reciprocal
exchange of spouses between two countries, tribes, or groups.
3. Diplomatic marriage
-This form of marriage occurs when an arranged marriage has been
established between two royal or political families in order to forge political or
diplomatic alliances.
 REFERED MARRIAGE
and ARRANGED MARRIAGE
TYPES OF ARRANGED
MARRIAGE:
4. MODERN ARRANGED MARRIAGE
-In this form of marriage, the child's. parents, with the consent of the child,
choose from several possible mates. The parents organize a meeting with the
potential partner of their child. The two children will then be given a short time to
get to know each other, after which the child will choose whom he or she will
marry. In the process of choosing the partner, the parents would usually have a
say in their child's choice.
 KINSHIP BY RITUALS
Compadrazgo (literally co-fatherhood)
is the Spanish form of ritual kinship
established through the rites of the
Catholic Church (especially at
baptism, confirmation and marriage)
between a person, his or her biological
parents, and his or her godparents.
Through the compadrazgo set-up, a
relationship between the child´s
biological parents, thier children, and
persons close to the parents but not
related by blood become a family.
KINSHIP BY RITUALS

The child's biological parents call the

spiritual parents as co-parents. In the
Philippines, the spiritual parents are
called by the child's biological
parents as compadre or kumpare for
the male godparent and kumare for
the female godparent.
 THE FAMILY AND THE
HOUSEHOLD

The family is considered the basic unit of social organization. It is

made up of a group of individuals who are linked together by
marriage, blood relations, or adoption. It constitutes a single
household that interrelates with each other and performs the social
roles of a husband, wife, mother, father, brother, and sister.
 NUCLEAR FAMILY
- A nuclear family is a type of family that is made up of a group of
people who are united by social ties. It is usually made up of two
adults and their socially recognized children. Most of the time, it is
made up of a married couple and their biological or adopted child or
children.
 EXTENDED FAMILY
- An extended family. on the other hand, is a type of family whose
members go beyond the nuclear family made up of parents and their
offspring.
An extended family household may be in any of
the following forms:
1. A single nuclear family and other persons related to the
nucleus (e.g., a father living with his child or children and other
relative/s; a married couple living with other relatives)
2. Two or more nuclear families related to each other without any
other persons. (e.g., two or more married couples with child or children)
3. Two or more nuclear families that are related to each other, plus other
persons related to at least one of the nuclear families. An example would be
two or more married couples with other relatives only
 BLENDED OR
RECONSTITUTED
FAMILIES
- A blended family is a type of family where the parents have a child or
children from previous marital relationships but all the members stay and
congregate to form a new family unit. It is sometimes called a step family.
reconstituted family, or a complex family.
 SEPARATED
FAMILY
- A separated family is a type of family wherein togetherness is either lacking
or entirely not expressed nor felt. A separated family is commonly the effect
of divorce and such occurrences that may cause separation. Examples of
which is that if the divorced couple were to have their own respective
families, leaving their children in a state of having a separated family.
 TRANSNATIONAL
FAMILY
- Transnational families are families who live apart but creates and
retains a 'sense of collective welfare and unity, in short "familyhood,"
even across national borders' (Bryceson and Vuolera 2002).
Some families engage in transnational arrangements voluntarily (e.g.,
those involved in educational or labor migration), while others are
involuntarily separated by wars and/or factors beyond their control.
 KINSHIP OF POLITICS: POLITICAL DYNASTY AND
ALLIANCES

- Politics have also been influenced by kinship relations. In the Philippines,

most politicians elected in public offices and government positions are
relatives. This is known in politics as political dynasties.
POLITICAL
DYNASTY
- a political dynasty exists when "two or more
individuals who are related within the second
degree of consanguinity" or "those relatives of a
person who may be the latter's brother or sister,
direct ascendant or direct descendant, whether
legitimate or illegitimate, full or half blood,
including their spouses" hold elected government
positions (David 2014).
 POLITICAL
ALLIANCES
- Political alliances are also common in the Philippines. Political parties tend to
align and forge cooperation with other stronger parties or with the administration
party to ensure victory in the elections or guarantee the passage of a legislation.
By creating alliances, politicians would continue to receive more funds,
resources and support from the ruling party or administration party.
Questions
1. Give the 3 types of kinship.
2. In this form of marriage, there is a reciprocal exchange of spouses
between two countries, tribes, or groups.
3. A family that is usually made up of two adults and their socially
recognized children.
4. What is the symbol used by anthropologist to classify marriage bond?

5. What do you call the most basic and universal type of kinship?
THANK
YOU!!