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    Java - First Project: Console and Dialog I/O

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    Tri Vo
    The document discusses the components and structure of a simple "Hello World!" Java application. It contains three primary components: source code comments describing the class, the HelloPrinter class definition containing the main method, and the main method which prints "Hello World!" to the console. It also describes Java syntax rules, style guidelines, and key aspects of the Java language like classes, packages, and libraries.

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    Java - First Project: Console and Dialog I/O

    Uploaded by

    Tri Vo
    57 views15 pages
    The document discusses the components and structure of a simple "Hello World!" Java application. It contains three primary components: source code comments describing the class, the HelloPrinter class definition containing the main method, and the main method which prints "Hello World!" to the console. It also describes Java syntax rules, style guidelines, and key aspects of the Java language like classes, packages, and libraries.

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    Java First Project

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    The document discusses the components and structure of a simple "Hello World!" Java application. It contains three primary components: source code comments describing the class, the HelloPrinter class definition containing the main method, and the main method which prints "Hello World!" to the console. It also describes Java syntax rules, style guidelines, and key aspects of the Java language like classes, packages, and libraries.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    57 views15 pages

    Java - First Project: Console and Dialog I/O

    Uploaded by

    Tri Vo
    The document discusses the components and structure of a simple "Hello World!" Java application. It contains three primary components: source code comments describing the class, the HelloPrinter class definition containing the main method, and the main method which prints "Hello World!" to the console. It also describes Java syntax rules, style guidelines, and key aspects of the Java language like classes, packages, and libraries.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Java – First Project

    Console and Dialog I/O


    Part 1: A Closer Look at the "Hello World!"
    Application

    Here is its code from page 17 of the textbook:


    public class HelloPrinter
    {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    // Display a greeting in the console window.
    System.out.println("Hello World!");
    }
    }
    Components of HelloPrinter
    The "Hello World!" application consists of
    three primary components:

    • source code comments,


    • the HelloPrinter class definition,
    • the main method.
    Source Code Comments
    /**
    * Write a description of class HelloPrinter here.
    * @author Bunn
    * @version 8-20-10
    */
    public class HelloPrinter
    {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    // Display a greeting in the console window.
    System.out.println("Hello World!");
    }
    }
    Comment Types
    Comments are ignored by the compiler but are useful to other
    programmers.
    Two types of comments appear in HelloPrinter: the blue comment is
    multi-line java doc comment and the gray comment is one line only.
    The Java programming language supports three kinds of comments:
    /* text */
    The compiler ignores everything from /* to */ over mutiple lines.
    /** documentation */
    This indicates a documentation comment (doc comment, for short). The
    compiler ignores this kind of comment, just like it ignores comments
    that use /* and */. The javadoc tool uses doc comments when
    preparing automatically generated documentation.
    // text
    The compiler ignores everything from // to the end of the line.
    Java syntax rules versus style guidelines
    Syntax Rules must be obeyed in order to compile the program:
    • Uppercase and lowercase letters are different.
    • Spaces are not allowed in any Java identifier (such as a class name).
    • Identifiers (such as class names) must start with a letter of the
    alphabet.
    • Identifier names may contain letters, numbers, underscores, and $.
    • Each begin brace { must have a matching end brace }.
    • Braces delimit a body of code such as the class code or the method
    code.
    • More rules to come as you learn more this term…
    Java syntax rules versus style guidelines
    Style guidelines used by good programmers and by the people who
    wrote the language:
    • Use a block comment identifying its use, author, version for each
    class. This is the java doc comment in HelloPrinter (blue one)
    • Comments in the body of the code are used to help the programmer
    make the code clearer to other programmers.
    • Class files always start with uppercase letters (System, String, …)
    • Method names always start with lowercase letters (main(), println(),
    …).
    • Each new block of code should be indented with matching { and }
    braces.
    • Identifier names should reflect the use of the item within the project.
    • More style guidelines to come…
    Class Definition
    The following bold text begins the class definition
    block for the "Hello World!" application:
    public class HelloPrinter
    {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    // Display a greeting in the console window.
    System.out.println("Hello World!");
    }
    }
    Class Definition cont’d

    The most basic form of a class definition is:


    public class name
    {
    ...
    }
    The keyword class begins the class definition for a
    class named name, and the code for each class
    appears between the opening and closing curly
    braces marked in bold above.
    The main Method
    The bold text begins the definition of the main method:
    public class HelloPrinter
    {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    // Display a greeting in the console window.
    System.out.println("Hello World!");
    }
    }
    Note that the end of main in indicated by bold text }
    The main Method Signature
    In the Java programming language, every application must
    contain a main method whose signature is:

    public static void main(String[] args)

    The main method is used by the runtime system as the


    starting point for execution of Java applications.
    The modifiers public and static can be written in
    either order (public static or static public),
    but the conventional style is to use public static
    as shown above.
    The main Method Parameter
    public static void main(String[] args)
    The main method defines one parameter (accepts a
    single argument): an array of elements of type
    String. You can name the argument anything you
    want, but most programmers choose "args".
    This array is one mechanism through which the runtime
    system passes information to your application. The
    "Hello World!" application ignores its command-line
    arguments, but you should be aware of the fact that
    such arguments do exist.
    Output to the console
    System.out.println("Hello World!");
    This instruction uses the System class from the
    core library to print the "Hello World!" message to
    standard output. Portions of this library (also
    known as the "Application Programming
    Interface", or "API") will be used in this course.
    The System class and the String class are part of
    the java.lang package, which is included by
    default in all Java programs.
    Application Programming Interface

    The API is found online at


    http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/
    You can also download the documents found
    in FirstClass – Computer Science –
    Software Downloads – Java 6 code and API
    (The zipped folder contains the API)
    Java Language Structure
    Java’s basic language components are classes. Each
    class is saved as a file with the same name as the
    class.
    Classes are grouped into packages with functionally
    similar classes.
    The two libraries which contain the packages are
    java and javax.
    The java.lang package in the java library is
    included in all programming by default.
    The classes in HelloPrinter are java.lang.System and
    java.lang.String.

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