COMMUNICATIO

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So important, yet so elusive.
COM.MU.NI.CA.TION (Noun)

• The imparting or exchange of information or news.

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• Means of connection between people and places .
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 COMMUNICATION SKILLS

 ALBERT MEHRABIAN’S COMMUNICATION RULE

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 CASE COMMENTS

 THE NATURE OF LEGAL ENGLISH

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 BASIC ETIQUETTES OF A LAWYER N

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COMMUNICATION
SKILLS
 INTRODUCTION

Communication is defined as the ability to convey or share ideas and feelings effectively.

Several experts agree that communication skills include:

• Conveying messages without misinterpretation or misleading others

• Effectively communicating with a range of people from all walks of life
• Navigating from casual or informal communication to formal communication
• Showing language mastery and command .

It is not surprising, then, that effective communication and interpersonal competencies continue to be
among the top skills employers seek, listing them as lifelines for workplace success.
THE COMMUNICATION PYRAMID

Trust

Controlled Disclosure

Considering what to say

Vocalizing

Individuality
This is another framework for looking at a communication process.
When the sender is formulating and converting the message to
communicate to the receiver he analysis all these steps :

• TRUST - is the bedrock upon which everything else is built. Without trust it will be difficult to communicate
effectively. You may trust some people implicitly , others may take longer to gain your trust. But without that trust you
will find it difficult to disclose anything. So, in this step the person decides whether or not and how much to trust the
other person.

• CONTROLLED DISCLOSURE - Having decided the level of trust the sender decides whether and how
much information to give out such controlled disclosure just means that you are judging the sort of relationship you have
with them before you tell them anything. In this stage the sender takes a decision based on the trust factor , how much one
should actually reveal .

• For e.g.→ If someone is facing a personal issue and some friend asks
"Is there any issue? “, you may say "Nothing maybe just a little tired ."
You give this answer as you don't have a relationship of trust or bond
to share the actual information
• CONSIDERING WHAT TO SAY? - Once you have decided to share the information you need to workout what you
want to say , to whom and when. Higher the trust, more the information and sooner it is shared. for e.g.→ You may
have urgent need to tell one particular person all about your personal issues , the challenges you face, the concerns
you have and the support you require. With another person you might only want to tell a little bit about a particular
topic, which means you are willing to do not want to disclose as much to the second person as you are willing to do
to the first person , alternatively with another individual you may want to tell them something but chose to wait a
little while. In this way you are deciding when would be the best time to give out some information.
• VOCAUSING - Now we need to consider how you want or how you need to say the things , this is where the correct
vocabulary comes in the words you use might be different for one person compared with another. Vocabulary can be
formal , informal, technical, etc. depending on the context, receivers knowledge and the comfort in hearing what you want
to tell them. for e.g. : A physician may use certain words with other doctors while using more common words with the
patient. Beware that certain words will mean different things to different people ( cold flu for some , for others it may be
temperature).

• INDIVIDUALISING→ Apart from all the other complexities any situation involves ' YOU; you have certain personal
requirements, priorities , themes ,topics, facts, concerns and ideas. This makes each conversation unique , this is where the
individualization of your conversation will occur. It is the individual circumstances under which you are having the
conversation. This means that the topics are localized in a unique style and unique way .
 KEY TAKE AWAYS

• Communication is defined as the ability to convey or share ideas and feelings effectively.

• Effective communication in the workplace is the ability to effectively exchange and create a free flow of information
with and among various stakeholders at all organizational levels to produce impactful outcomes.

• Some of the most important communication skills for any job are presentation, active listening, nonverbal
communication, giving/taking feedback, and others.

• Improve your communication skills by learning how to listen, noticing nonverbal cues, and practicing oral
communication.
ALBERT MEHRABIAN’S
COMMUNICATION
MODEL
INTRODUCTION

We communicate worldwide with one another through words,

gestures, sign language and pictograms, So to get the better
understanding of communication , psychology professor albert
Mehrabian studied the importance of non-verbal communication
in 1970. He studied the effect of conflicting messages..
ACCORDING TO ALBERT MEHRABIAN'S 7-38-55 RULE, WORDS ARE NOT EVERYTHING WHEN IT
COMES TO COMMUNICATION, IN FACT THE ELEMENTS OF PERSONAL COMMUNICATION ARE;
VOCAL COMPONENT 

• It deals with the feelings and attitude; facial expression was the most
significant element, followed by the tone of voice.
• The actual words spoken were least important to communication.
• But it's all too often misquoted and misinterpreted.
BODY LANGUAGE 

• It refers to posture, gestures using of body parts from head to toe,

expressions, symbols, smell, appearance.
• It is the most important element in communication.
• It can reveal the correct emotions and expression of the person to whom
one is communicating.
CONCLUSION

• In this electronic world of communication, Mehrabian's theory cannot be applied as mode

of communication doesn't involve body language and facial expressions.
• Besides this, he was successful in highlighting the vital role that non-verbal
communication plays in the expression of feelings and emotional state.
• It help us to ensure how to express the words in manner to give correct meaning of the
communicated words.
CASE COMMENTS
WHAT DOES A CASE COMMENT MEAN ?

Comment means observation or remarks Expressing an opinion

concerning the judgement in the case. It provides a focused
analysis of a particular manner in which the case reserved or
failed to resolve a created controversy. It should present the
authorised view about the case and legal issues involved.
WAYS TO ANALYSE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CASE

• Re-reading the case by keeping in mind issue which you are going to discuss in the
comment
• Comprehending complex situation and identifying the legal problem in the case .
• Separating out relevant details and indicates from the case that supports your analysis
• Reaching the conclusion by adapting a particular approach
INTRODUCTION

• A case comment should ideally begin with a short paragraph identifying the subject of the
case so as to give reader a fair idea regarding the issue you are going to address in the
comment.
• The second paragraph should be a very brief statement of facts stating only the part of
factual matrix which is essential to the case being discussed thereafter you should write
what was eventually held in the case in a very precise manner.
BACKGROUND

The purpose of writing this section is to let the reader to get the general idea about the
factual subject matter of the case before you start your analysis. The very first step to do is
to draw an outline of the development of the law leading upto the case under review by
touching upon landmark cases and significant statutory development this help the reader to
uprise the court‘s decision and understand your aggrements more clearly.
ANALYSIS

This constitutes one major or the main part of the case comment here you need to ask
yourself four suitable questions.
1. Was the courts decision appropriate?
2. Does the decision change the existing laws?
3. Did the court adequately justify the reason?
4. What are the policy implication of the decision?
CONCLUSION

The conclusion to the case comment should contain the main essence of the autonomous
finding and argument. It is not always necessary to reach a conclusion to decide upon
whether or not the court decision was right.
WHAT IS LANGUAGE
AND LAW?
 It’s hard to know when exactly the study of language and law began. But
there has always been a close relationship between these two fields, even if
that relationship has not always have been formally acknowledged. It may be
possible to have language without having law. Indeed, it is likely to have
been the situation for much of the early history of mankind.
In contrast, it is impossible to conceive of law without language. In making
the statement, I do not want to suggest that law must inevitably be written.
There are some scholars who seem to believe that the emergence of law
necessarily presupposes the existence of writing. It is certainly true that the
technology of writing facilitates the expression and communication of legal
norms.
In contrast to writing, language more generally is indeed essential to
law. Perhaps it’s not necessary that legal norms be articulated in
language, but at the very least they ought to be describable in
language. In addition, just about What is language and law? any legal
activity, such as settling disputes, making contracts, or providing for
what happens to your possessions after you die, Thus, language is
essential to law in at least two ways. First, laws or legal norms cannot
exist without the ability to articulate or describe them in language.
Secondly, language is an essential tool in carrying out the business of
law. There is, without any doubt, an extremely close relationship
between language and law.
The creative and comprehending power of language is of special importance for
the law. There is practically no existence of legal notions outside language. One
commentator has stated that, "It is on the loom of language that all law is spun."'
Nevertheless, one should not go so far as to conclude that there is no law outside
language. The existence of customary law contradicts such a statement.
Customary law is often not expressed in words, but expresses itself in particular
situations. 30 The intimate connection between law and language is confirmed
when looking into the etymological roots of both expressions.
Language-and-law research is now an established field for study, with decades of
development behind it. And yet the field remains fragmented, with disparate
streams of scholarship that, ironically, tend to speak in different languages:
linguistic anthropology, discourse studies, semiotics, literary theory and rhetoric,
translation studies, sociolinguistics, legal philosophy, and more. On one hand, this
broad variety speaks to the robust character of language-and-law studies as a
focus for relatively diverse scholarly endeavors. And for a number of reasons, it
seems likely that the separate schools of thought in this area will generally
continue to pursue their often distinct paths. This kind of bridge, we suggest, is
one of the gifts of the truly interdisciplinary space opened up by sociolegal
research-it permits us to combine quite diverse kinds of knowledge in our quest to
more fully understand closely related legal phenomena.
BASIC ETIQUETTE
TIPS FOR LAWYERS
“Good manners will open doors that the best education
cannot.”
- Clarence Thomas
 BUSINESS CARDS

Exchanging business cards is a common occurrence for many legal professionals. There are ways of giving and receiving
cards that work better for establishing a relationship and conveying respect.
WHILE GIVING OUT A CARD :
• Give business cards using discretion. Handing out multiple cards at a time to one person may convey the message that
your cards have little value.
• Hand the card over with the print facing the receiver so they don’t have to turn it around to read it.
WHILE REVEIVING A CARD :
• When receiving a card, thank the person handing you the card.
• Hold the card in both hands. Look at the card and read it immediately when you receive it. This shows you are
interested in the person and their information. If you glance at the card and then drop it in your pocket, it may convey a
lack of interest and appear rude.
BE ON TIME.

• When you arrive late to a meeting or appointment, you are wasting the time of the people
with whom you are meeting. This can lead to resentment from fellow co-workers and
clients.
• Showing up to an appointment on time shows that you respect and value the other person.
It demonstrates that you are dedicated to your job and interested in your work. Being on
time shows you are committed to keeping your word. Clients and co-workers learn to
trust you and know they can depend on you
USE SIMPLE MANNERS

• Those good old-fashioned manners aren’t old-fashioned after all. Saying “please” and
“thank you”, asking for permission, offering unsolicited help, all of these examples of
good manners will still take you a long way in the workplace.
• Simple courtesy can sometimes be forgotten in today’s legal industry. Because of this,
people will really notice if you consistently remember your manners. You can show your
manners verbally, as well as in an email. For instance, if you ask a co-worker for help on
a project, a thank-you email shows them you appreciate their contribution. It also is a sign
of respect.
DRESS APPROPRIATELY

• Dressing inappropriately can be a distraction. It can also call into question your judgment
and ability to make good decisions. No matter what legal position you hold, you are a
representative of your company or firm and you should dress accordingly.
• However, what is considered appropriate will vary from firm to firm. Some firms may
expect you to dress formally, wearing suits most of the time. Other firms may allow
employees to dress more casually on days when clients are not in the office. Find out
what is acceptable in your firm and adhere to the norm.
AVOID CELL PHONE DISTRACTIONS

• Cell phones and devices are very much ingrained in the way we do business today. However, there are
still times when they can be obstructive rather than productive. One of those times is in a meeting.
• When in a meeting, you should turn your cell phone completely off. It’s not enough to turn it to
vibrate mode. When your phone vibrates, it will often still be heard by others. Reaching for your
phone to silence the ring or vibration is still a distraction, draws unwanted attention to yourself, and
disrupts the flow of the meeting.
• If your telephone rings while you are speaking with others, resist the temptation to look to see who it
is. Silence it immediately. This signals to the other person that they have your undivided attention and
that your conversation with them is important to you.
GOOD ETIQUETTE IS GOOD BUSINESS

Having good manners can give you an advantage in your career as a legal professional.
Practicing these simple rules will convey to people that you are trustworthy, have good
judgment and are an emotionally-intelligent person. All of these traits will allow you to gain
respect and build better work relationships.
 C
• A famous quote says –

“The way we communicate with others and with ourselves ultimately

determines the quality of our lives” L

U
• Effective communication is important at all the levels in an organization.
Every individual should be on the same platform and the clarity of ideas,
messages is mandatory for smooth flow of work. The team leader must make
it a point to effectively communicate what he actually expects from his fellow
workers. The details, the important deadlines, must be made very clear to the
employees to expect productivity from their side. The team members should
also be clear about their goals and can work accordingly. Instead of verbal
communications e-mails are a better option for effective communication.
S
Don't just speak, use whiteboards, diaries and the recipients must note the
information in notepads to prevent loss of data and enhance the output. I
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THANK YOU FOR
YOUR THE
PATIENCE & TIME
END