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    Feedback Control Systems: Introduction (Examples)

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    Sherullah Khan
    This document provides an introduction to feedback control systems. It defines control systems as interconnections of components that provide a desired system response. It distinguishes between open-loop and closed-loop (feedback) control systems. Open-loop systems like a toaster operate without feedback, while closed-loop systems like cruise control use feedback to make corrections based on errors between a measured output and reference value. The document outlines various elements of feedback control systems including sensors, actuators, disturbances, and design objectives. It provides examples like an automobile's direction and speed control to illustrate open-loop and closed-loop systems.

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    Feedback Control Systems: Introduction (Examples)

    Uploaded by

    Sherullah Khan
    21 views19 pages
    This document provides an introduction to feedback control systems. It defines control systems as interconnections of components that provide a desired system response. It distinguishes between open-loop and closed-loop (feedback) control systems. Open-loop systems like a toaster operate without feedback, while closed-loop systems like cruise control use feedback to make corrections based on errors between a measured output and reference value. The document outlines various elements of feedback control systems including sensors, actuators, disturbances, and design objectives. It provides examples like an automobile's direction and speed control to illustrate open-loop and closed-loop systems.

    Original Title

    Lecture 1-2

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    This document provides an introduction to feedback control systems. It defines control systems as interconnections of components that provide a desired system response. It distinguishes between open-loop and closed-loop (feedback) control systems. Open-loop systems like a toaster operate without feedback, while closed-loop systems like cruise control use feedback to make corrections based on errors between a measured output and reference value. The document outlines various elements of feedback control systems including sensors, actuators, disturbances, and design objectives. It provides examples like an automobile's direction and speed control to illustrate open-loop and closed-loop systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    21 views19 pages

    Feedback Control Systems: Introduction (Examples)

    Uploaded by

    Sherullah Khan
    This document provides an introduction to feedback control systems. It defines control systems as interconnections of components that provide a desired system response. It distinguishes between open-loop and closed-loop (feedback) control systems. Open-loop systems like a toaster operate without feedback, while closed-loop systems like cruise control use feedback to make corrections based on errors between a measured output and reference value. The document outlines various elements of feedback control systems including sensors, actuators, disturbances, and design objectives. It provides examples like an automobile's direction and speed control to illustrate open-loop and closed-loop systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Feedback Control Systems

    Lecture 2

    Introduction (Examples)
    Control Systems (Review)
    • A control system is an interconnection of components that wil
    l provide a desired system response
    • In order for a system to be controllable, there must be a cause
    -effect relationship for its components, i.e. there must be som
    e input that can cause changes to the output parameter to be
    controlled.
    Role of Control Systems
    • Convenient (room temperature control, laundry machine)
    • Dangerous Environment (hot/cold places, space, bomb re
    moval)
    • Impossible for human (nanometer scale precision
    positioning, work inside the small space that human cann
    ot enter)
    • Lower cost, high efficiency (factory automation), etc.

    • Many examples of control systems around us


    Elevator, AC, Microwave oven, Automobile, etc.
    They exist in nature (human body temperature control)
    Mathematical Representation of Control Sy
    stems
    Types of Control Systems (Review)
    • There are two types of Control System with m
    any variations and combinations
    – Open Loop Control Systems
    – Feedback or Closed Loop Control Systems
    Open-Loop Control
    Open-loop Control System
    • shooting a basketball, toaster, microwave oven

    • Calibration is the key!


    • Can be sensitive to disturbances
    Example: (Toaster)
    • A toaster toasts bread, by setting timer.

    • Objective: make bread golden browned and crisp.


    • A toaster does not measure the color of bread during the toas
    ting process.
    • For a fixed setting, in winter, the toast can be white and in su
    mmer, the toast can be black
    • A toaster would be more expensive with sensors to measure t
    he color and actuators to adjust the timer based on the meas
    ured color.
    Example: Washing Machine
    • A laundry machine washes clothes, by setting a pr
    ogram.

    • A laundry machine does not measure how clean


    the clothes become.
    • Control without measuring devices such as (senso
    rs) are called open-loop control
    Closed-Loop (Feedback) Control
    • Compare actual behavior with desired behavior
    • Make corrections based on the error
    • The sensor and the actuator are key elements of a feedback lo
    op
    • Design control algorithm

    • An actuator is a type of motor for moving or controlling a mec


    hanism or system
    Basic elements in closed loop control
    systems (contd.)

    • System:
    Combination of components that act together & perform cert
    ain objectives
    • Disturbance:
    A signal that tends to adversely affect the value of output of s
    ystem.
    • Feedback Control:
    An operation that tends to normalize the disturbances and re
    duce the difference between the output of a system and som
    e reference input.
    Basic elements in feedback control
    systems
    Control system design objective
    • To design a controller system in which output follows
    the reference in a “satisfactory” manner even in the f
    ace of disturbances.
    Example: Automobile direction control
    • Attempts to change the direction of the automobile.

    • Manual closed-loop (feedback) control.


    • Although the controlled system is “Automobile”, the inp
    ut and the output of the system can be different, depe
    nding on control objectives!
    Example: Automobile cruise control
    • Attempts to maintain the speed of the automobile.

    • Cruise control can be both manual and automatic.


    • Note the similarity of the diagram above to the
    diagram in the previous slide
    Systematic controller design process
    Example (SCADA)
    • SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) is a type of 
    industrial control system (ICS).
    • Industrial control systems are computer controlled systems that monitor an
    d control industrial processes that exist in the physical world.
    Course Roadmap
    Modeling Analysis Design
    Laplace Transform Time response Design specs
    Transfer Function • Transient Root Locus
    Mathematical Mod • Steady state Frequency Domain
    eling Stability PID & Lead-lag
    • Mechanical
    • Routh- Design Examples
    • Electrical Hurwitz
    • Electro-mechan
    (Nyquist Creteria)
    ical
    Frequency response
    Linearization
    • Bode plot

    Matlab simulation Laboratory/Project


    Purpose of this Course
    To learn basics of feedback control systems
    Modeling
    • as a transfer function and a block diagram
    • Laplace transform (Mathematics)
    • Mechanical, electrical, chemical, electromechanical systems
    Analysis
    • Step response, frequency response
    • Stability: Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Nyquist criterion
    Design
    • Root locus technique, frequency response technique,
    • Bode Plot, Nyguist Plot
    • PID control, lead/lag compensator
    Theory, (simulation with Matlab), practice in laboratories
    Summary & Exercises

    Summary
    • Introduction of control systems
    • Open loop and closed loop systems
    • Examples of control systems
    Next
    Laplace Transform
    Exercises
    • Find at least 10 open loop and closed loop systems i
    n your surrounding: represent the overall systems th
    rough diagrams
    Questions?

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