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    Transocean Stuck Pipe Course

    Uploaded by

    Arijit Ray
    Stuck pipe occurs when the drill pipe cannot be moved without exceeding the limits of the drill string. It can be caused by solids induced pack off, differential sticking, or mechanical and wellbore geometry issues. Solids induced pack off includes unconsolidated formations, mobile formations, fractured/faulted formations, and reactive shales. Differential sticking happens when there is a pressure difference across the drill pipe. Mechanical and wellbore geometry issues include key seats, undergauge holes, doglegs, collapsed casing, cement blocks, and junk in the hole. Prevention measures aim to identify risk zones and control fluid properties, drilling practices, and wellbore conditions to avoid getting stuck.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Transocean Stuck Pipe Course

    Uploaded by

    Arijit Ray
    371 views53 pages
    Stuck pipe occurs when the drill pipe cannot be moved without exceeding the limits of the drill string. It can be caused by solids induced pack off, differential sticking, or mechanical and wellbore geometry issues. Solids induced pack off includes unconsolidated formations, mobile formations, fractured/faulted formations, and reactive shales. Differential sticking happens when there is a pressure difference across the drill pipe. Mechanical and wellbore geometry issues include key seats, undergauge holes, doglegs, collapsed casing, cement blocks, and junk in the hole. Prevention measures aim to identify risk zones and control fluid properties, drilling practices, and wellbore conditions to avoid getting stuck.

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    Stuck pipe occurs when the drill pipe cannot be moved without exceeding the limits of the drill string. It can be caused by solids induced pack off, differential sticking, or mechanical and wellbore geometry issues. Solids induced pack off includes unconsolidated formations, mobile formations, fractured/faulted formations, and reactive shales. Differential sticking happens when there is a pressure difference across the drill pipe. Mechanical and wellbore geometry issues include key seats, undergauge holes, doglegs, collapsed casing, cement blocks, and junk in the hole. Prevention measures aim to identify risk zones and control fluid properties, drilling practices, and wellbore conditions to avoid getting stuck.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    371 views53 pages

    Transocean Stuck Pipe Course

    Uploaded by

    Arijit Ray
    Stuck pipe occurs when the drill pipe cannot be moved without exceeding the limits of the drill string. It can be caused by solids induced pack off, differential sticking, or mechanical and wellbore geometry issues. Solids induced pack off includes unconsolidated formations, mobile formations, fractured/faulted formations, and reactive shales. Differential sticking happens when there is a pressure difference across the drill pipe. Mechanical and wellbore geometry issues include key seats, undergauge holes, doglegs, collapsed casing, cement blocks, and junk in the hole. Prevention measures aim to identify risk zones and control fluid properties, drilling practices, and wellbore conditions to avoid getting stuck.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 53

    Stuck Pipe

    Objectives
    • Identifying situations that can lead to stuck pipe.

    • State prevention measures.

    • Correctly react when pipe gets stuck.

    • Use chart to recognise sticking mechanisms.


    Definition
    • What is Stuck Pipe?

    • When pipe cannot be moved without exceeding


    limits of the drill string.
    Costs

    • What does stuck pipe cost the industry?

    • +/- 2hours of shift change

    • Most on crew change day

    • 65% related to planning


    Causes

    What can cause stuck pipe?


    Stuck Pipe Mechanisms

    Can we categorise them?


    • Solids Induced Pack Off (Hole Pack Off & Bridge)

    • Differential

    • Mechanical & Wellbore Geometry


    Stuck Pipe Mechanisms

    •Solids Induced Pack Off •Differential •Wellbore Geometry

    •Unconsolidated •Key seating

    •Undergauge Hole
    •Mobile
    •Ledges & Doglegs
    •Fractured & Faulted
    •Differential Sticking
    •Collapsed Casing
    •Mechanically Stressed
    •Green Cement

    •Reactive Shales •Junk

    •Cement Blocks
    •Hole Cleaning
    Stuck Pipe Mechanisms

    • Solids Induced Pack Off (Hole Pack Off & Bridge)

    • Differential

    • Mechanical & Wellbore Geometry


    Solids Induced Pack Off

    Unconsolidated Formation

    Mobile Formation

    Fractured & Faulted Formation

    Mechanically Stressed forrmation

    Reactive Shales

    Hole Cleaning
    Unconsolidated
    ­ What is an unconsolidated formation?

    ­ How can this get us stuck?

    ­ How can we recognise it?

    ­ How can we prevent it?


    Actions To Prevent
    ­ Build low permeability filter cake

    - Flow Rate not more than required for hole cleaning

    ­ Avoid rotating bits or stabilisers near the problem zone

    ­ Trip carefully to avoid disturbing filter cake

    ­ Clean out hole fill prior to drilling, use sweeps

    - Control ROP

    ­ Soak viscous pills into formation

    ­ Solids Control Equipment working


    Mobile

    ­ What is a mobile formation?

    ­ How can this get us stuck?

    ­ How can we recognise it?

    ­ How can we prevent it?


    Actions To Prevent

    ­ Maintain sufficient mud weight

    ­ Use eccentric PDC bits

    ­ Consider Roller Reamer and ream and wipe


    frequently

    ­ Keep pipe moving in Open Hole

    ­ Spot freshwater pills

    ­ Regular Wiper Trips

    ­ Time
    Fractured & Faulted
    ­ What is a fractured or faulted
    formation?

    ­ How can this get us stuck?

    ­ How can we recognise it?

    ­ How can we prevent it?


    Actions To Prevent
    ­ Check the hole condition
    constantly:
    ­ Cuttings shape changes
    ­ Erratic torque
    ­ Pump pressure.
    ­ Wash and ream regularly
    ­ Restrict tripping speed when
    BHA is near area
    ­ Limit circulating and surge
    pressures
    ­ Minimise drill string vibration
    Mechanically Stressed Formations

    ­ What is a mechanically stressed


    formation?

    ­ How can this get us stuck?

    ­ How can we recognise it?

    ­ How can we prevent it?


    Actions To Prevent
    ­ Keep hole clean to stop build up.
    ­ Monitor pore pressure:
    ­ increase in gas
    ­ changes in ROP
    ­ cavings
    ­ Increase mud weight as soon as
    possible
    ­ Avoid mud weight reduction
    ­ Shaker Hand to detect “cavings”
    ­ Minimise open hole exposure time
    ­ Minimise Swab/surge pressures
    Reactive Formations
    ­ What is a reactive formation?

    - How can this get us stuck?

    ­ How can we recognise it?

    ­ How can we prevent it?


    Actions To Prevent
    ­ Keep an inhibitive mud in
    specification, consider using OBM
    ­ Drill hole section and case off quickly
    ­ Monitor the Methylene Blue Test
    (MBT)
    ­ Minimise the BHA length
    ­ Wipe the hole regularly
    ­ Utilise dump and dilute procedures as
    required when using WBM.
    Hole Cleaning
    ­ What is hole cleaning?

    ­ How can this get us stuck?

    ­ How can we recognise it?

    ­ How can we prevent it?


    Actions To Prevent
    ­ Clean the hole as fast as drilled, increase mud
    velocity, larger drillpipe.
    ­ Ensure mud is within specification
    ­ Adequate time to circulate hole clean
    ­ Reciprocate and rotate the pipe continuously
    ­ Plan and perform wiper trips as hole conditions
    dictate, backream
    ­ Monitor the shakers
    ­ Keep all circulating and solids control equipment
    in good working order
    Hole Cleaning Exercise
    • Class will be divided into 3 groups

    • Prepare presentation on:


    • Group 1- Vertical Hole Cleaning & Reaming

    • Group 2- Deviated Hole Cleaning

    • Group 3- How to use Hole Cleaning Charts

    • Time 1/2 hour


    Vertical Hole Cleaning Exercise
    ­ Select and maintain the required mud properties

    ­ Circulate cuttings above BHA before connections

    ­ Circulate the well thoroughly prior to tripping

    ­ Try not to use high weight pills

    ­ Reciprocation is good

    ­ Know max. overpull; stop and circulate if problem

    ­ Only back ream if essential

    ­ Circulate at recommended GPM for hole size


    Deviated Hole Cleaning Exercise

    ­ Increase flow rate with hole angle


    ­ 30o inclination requires 20% higher velocity
    ­ 50o to 60o requires twice the AV of a vertical well
    ­ Use lower viscosity mud to induce turbulence
    ­ Consider cleaning cutting beds < 350 with:
    ­ high viscosity sweeps
    ­ Consider cleaning cuttings beds > 350 with:
    ­ low viscosity sweeps followed by high viscosity (or
    weighted) sweeps
    ­ Rotation and reciprocation are critical > 450
    Hole Cleaning Pills

    • Hi Vis – large holes; Low Vis- small holes

    • Bigger hole- larger pill

    • Hi Vis pill- 20-50bbls- best in Vertical well

    • Lo Vis pill- turbulent flow; disturb but not carry

    • Weighted pill- +2-3ppg

    • Tandem- Lo Vis then Hi Vis


    Stuck Pipe Mechanisms

    • Solids Induced Pack Off (Hole Pack Off & Bridge)

    • Differential

    • Mechanical & Wellbore Geometry


    Differential Sticking
    ­ What is Differential Sticking ?

    Porous Thick
    and
    Filter
    Permeable
    rock Cake
    Differential Sticking

    - How can this get us stuck?

    ­ How can we recognise it? Porous


    and
    Thick
    Filter
    Permeable
    rock Cake

    ­ How can we prevent it?


    Actions To Prevent
    ­ Select BHA’s with minimum wall
    contact
    ­ Minimise mud weight and filter
    loss
    Porous Thick
    ­ Know depths of permeable zones and
    Permeable
    Filter
    Cake
    rock

    ­ Keep pipe moving and circulate


    whenever possible
    ­ Continuously monitor pore
    pressure
    ­ Good solids control
    Stuck Pipe Mechanisms

    • Solids Induced Pack Off (Hole Pack Off & Bridge)

    • Differential

    • Mechanical & Wellbore Geometry


    Mechanical & Wellbore Geometry

    • Key seating
    • Undergauge Hole
    • Ledges & Doglegs
    • Collapsed Casing
    • Green Cement
    • Junk
    • Cement Blocks
    Key Seats
    • How is a Key Seat formed?

    • How can we recognise it?

    • How can we prevent it?


    Actions To Prevent
    • Consider String Reamers
    • Consider Key Seat Wiper
    • Minimise practices that cause
    doglegs
    • Identify problem zones
    • Ream problem zones
    • Avoid stiff BHA’s
    • Pull and rotate slowly through
    problem zones
    Undergauge Hole
    • What is undergauge hole?

    • How can we recognise it?

    • How can we prevent it?


    Actions To Prevent
    ­ Always gauge bits etc
    ­ Trip cautiously
    ­ Ream suspected under-gauge
    sections
    ­ Run gauge protected bits and
    stabilizers
    ­ Consider using a roller reamer
    ­ Jar upwards to free if stuck
    Doglegs & Ledges
    • How are they formed?

    • How can we recognise it?

    • How can we prevent it?


    Actions To Prevent
    ­ Minimise direction changes in wellbore
    ­ Minimise BHA changes and configuration
    ­ Use a limber BHA (see right)
    ­ Consider reaming trips (ream with caution)
    ­ Slow trip speed before BHA enters suspected
    zone
    ­ Avoid prolonged circulation across soft
    formations
    ­ Frequent surveys
    Collapsed Casing
    • How can we get stuck?

    • How can we recognise it?

    • How can we prevent it?


    Actions To Prevent
    • Avoid Casing Wear

    • Ensure good cement job

    • Consider corrosion inhibitors

    • Good handling practices on


    surface

    • ‘Rabbit” casing
    Cement
    • How can we get stuck?

    • How can we recognise it?

    • How can we prevent it?


    Actions To Prevent
    • Green Cement
     Never assume it has set
     Know calculated TOC
     Do not rely on hook load changes
     Wash down last few stands
     Control drill soft cement
    • Cement Blocks
     Allow setting time
     Limit Rat-Hole length
     Trip slowly through Shoe
     Do not over-displace cement
    Junk
    • How can we get stuck?

    • How can we recognise it?

    • How can we prevent it?


    Actions To Prevent
    • Good Housekeeping

    • Hole Covers

    • Wiper Rubbers

    • Regularly check ‘dies’

    • Inspect downhole equipment


    Review
    • What are the main Stuck pipe mechanisms?

    • Types of Solids Induced Pack Off problems?

    • What is differential sticking?

    • Types of Wellbore Geometry problems?


    Reviews

    •Solids Induced Pack Off •Differential •Wellbore Geometry

    •Unconsolidated •Key seating

    •Undergauge Hole
    •Mobile
    •Ledges & Doglegs
    •Fractured & Faulted
    •Differential Sticking
    •Collapsed Casing
    •Mechanically Stressed
    •Green Cement

    •Reactive Shales •Junk

    •Cement Blocks
    •Hole Cleaning
    1 Actions Exercise
    st

    • Group 1- List 1st Actions for the Driller to take


    with Solids induced Pack Off

    • Group 2- List 1st Actions for the Driller to take


    with Differential Sticking

    • Group 3- List 1st Actions for the Driller to take


    with Mechanical & Wellbore Geometry
    1st Actions for Solids

    • Reduce SPM or stop pumps


    • Bleed back any trapped pressure
    • Leave 500psi under pack off
    • Start cycling string up to max. make-up torque
    • If bleed off then maintain 500psi and repeat
    • If no bleed off, work pipe up/down, apply torque
    • If circulation OK then Jar
    1st Actions for Differential Sticking

    • Circulate
    • Wind in 50% make up torque then slump down
    • Next Pick Up to just above string weight, torque
    up and slump
    • Repeat with increasing pick up weight and
    torque
    • If not free then consider
     Releasing pill
     Reduce hydrostatic
    1st Actions for Wellbore Geometry

    • Maintain circulation

    • If rotation OK- consider back reaming

    • Stuck moving up?- Apply torque and jar down

    • Stuck moving down?- Jar up


    Recognising Stuck Pipe Mechanisms
    Moving down, down impossible, rotation restricted,
    circulation free

    3 0 6
    Try These Examples
    1. Pulling out, sudden overpull, cannot go up or rotate
    but able to go back down and rotate, circulation OK
    2. Running in, further motion down impossible,
    rotation restricted, circulation restricted
    3. Making connection, cannot move up or down, no
    rotation, circulation OK
    4. Backreaming, down free, rotation restricted,
    circulation restricted.
    What about 1st Actions ?
    End

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