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    Building Services - Iv: Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Asst. Prof. EMIE B. FAIR

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    Krishnapriya K
    The document discusses heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. It provides references on the topic and outlines the topics to be covered in Module IV, including air conditioning systems, duct design, location of air outlets and returns, and considerations for air duct design and layout. It then describes the components and functioning of air handling units and discusses factors involved in duct design and layout of supply and return air outlets.

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    Building Services - Iv: Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Asst. Prof. EMIE B. FAIR

    Uploaded by

    Krishnapriya K
    35 views33 pages
    The document discusses heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. It provides references on the topic and outlines the topics to be covered in Module IV, including air conditioning systems, duct design, location of air outlets and returns, and considerations for air duct design and layout. It then describes the components and functioning of air handling units and discusses factors involved in duct design and layout of supply and return air outlets.

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    CLASS 10_27.05.2021

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    The document discusses heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. It provides references on the topic and outlines the topics to be covered in Module IV, including air conditioning systems, duct design, location of air outlets and returns, and considerations for air duct design and layout. It then describes the components and functioning of air handling units and discusses factors involved in duct design and layout of supply and return air outlets.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    35 views33 pages

    Building Services - Iv: Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Asst. Prof. EMIE B. FAIR

    Uploaded by

    Krishnapriya K
    The document discusses heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. It provides references on the topic and outlines the topics to be covered in Module IV, including air conditioning systems, duct design, location of air outlets and returns, and considerations for air duct design and layout. It then describes the components and functioning of air handling units and discusses factors involved in duct design and layout of supply and return air outlets.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 33

    BUILDING SERVICES -IV

    HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING


    Asst. Prof. EMIE B. FAIR
    REFERENCES:
    • Refrigeration and air conditioning - Ramesh Chandra Arora
    • Refrigeration and air conditioning - Manohar Prasad
    • Refrigeration and air conditioning - Ahmadul Ameen
    • Refrigeration and air conditioning -C.P. Arora
    • Refrigeration and air conditioning - W.F. Stocker
    • Refrigeration and air conditioning - P.L. Balleny
    • Refrigeration and air conditioning – Dossat
    • Heating Ventilation and a/c - Fage C ,Mc quiston and Jarald D Parker-John Wiley
    & Sons
    • Refrigeration & air condition – Regiput
    • ASHRAE data book
    REFERENCES:
    MODULE : IV (14 HRS)
    • Air conditioning systems – Room air conditioning systems – Window
    A/C – split- packaged – central and unitary systems – summer - winter
    - year round air conditioning systems – cooling load calculation –
    various heat sources. Design of air conditioning systems – AHU – Duct
    design – air distribution systems – draft – throw – entrainment ratio –
    spread – location of air outlets – location of return air openings –
    general considerations in air duct design and layout – noise and noise
    control. Determination of duct size using equal friction (constant
    pressure lose method)
    26-04-2021
    TOPICS
    • AHU
    • Duct design
    • Location of air outlets
    • Location of return air openings
    • General considerations in air duct design and layout
    • Noise and noise control
    Design of air conditioning systems

    • Figure 22.1 shows the airflow arrangement in a typical air


    conditioning system.
    DUCT DESIGN
    • The purpose of air conditioning ductwork is to
    deliver air from the fan to the diffusers which
    distribute the air to the room.

    • Air Moves Through the Ductwork in Response to


    a Pressure Difference Created by the Fan
    DUCT DESIGN
    Duct design considerations: General considerations:
    1. Material -The thickness of the duct sheet is mentioned by its gauge.
    -Aspect ratio is the ratio of duct width to height. Aspect ratio 1:4 is
    - Sheet metal (by gauge)
    generally advised.
    . Galvanized - The size and shape of the duct will depend upon the available space for
    . Iron ducting, applications, CFM etc.,
    . Aluminum
    CFM = CUBIC FEET PER MINUTE
    - Flexibility
    . Insulated Std. velocity & Area high = CFM
    . Tube low .
    Std. velocity & less area = CFM
    2. Shape and size high.
    - Rectangular, Square
    - Round
    - Oval
    DUCT DESIGN METHODS
    1. VELOCITY REDUCTION METHOD
    2. EQUAL FRICTION METHOD
    3. STATIC REGAIN METHOD
    DUCT DESIGN METHODS
    DUCT DESIGN METHODS
    DUCT DESIGN METHODS
    MAIN NOISE SOURCES
    BASIC MEASURES OF NOISE
    CONTROL
    BASIC MEASURES OF NOISE
    CONTROL
    AHU
    • An air handler, or air handling unit ( AHU), is a device used to regulate and
    circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC)
    system.
    • An air handler is usually a large metal box containing a blower, heating or
    cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and dampers.
    •  Air handlers usually connect to a ductwork ventilation system that
    distributes the conditioned air through the building and returns it to the
    AHU.
    • Sometimes AHUs discharge (supply) and admit (return) air directly to and
    from the space served without ductwork
    AHU
    Components of AHU
    FILTERS
    • Air filtration is almost always present in order to provide clean dust-
    free air to the building occupants.
    • Filtration is typically placed first in the AHU in order to keep all the
    downstream components clean. 
    HEATING/COOLING COIL
    • Air handlers may need to provide heating, cooling, or both to change
    the supply air temperature, and humidity level depending on the
    location and the application. 
    Components of AHU
    HUMIDIFIER
    • Humidification is often necessary in colder climates where continuous heating will
    make the air drier, resulting in uncomfortable air quality.
    MIXING CHAMBER 
    • In order to maintain indoor air quality, air handlers commonly have provisions to
    allow the introduction of outside air into, and the exhausting of air from the
    building.
    • In temperate climates, mixing the right amount of cooler outside air with warmer
    return air can be used to approach the desired supply air temperature.
    • A mixing chamber is therefore used which has dampers controlling the ratio
    between the return, outside, and exhaust air.
    Components of AHU
    VIBRATION ISOLATER
    • The blowers in an air handler can create substantial vibration and the
    large area of the duct system would transmit this noise and vibration
    to the occupants of the building.
    • To avoid this, vibration isolators (flexible sections) are normally
    inserted into the duct immediately before and after the air handler
    and often also between the fan compartment and the rest of the AHU.
    • The rubberized canvas-like material of these sections allows the air
    handler components to vibrate without transmitting this motion to the
    attached ducts.
    Components of AHU
    BLOWER/ FAN
    • Air handlers typically employ a large cage blower driven by an AC
    induction electric motor to move the air.
    • The blower may operate at a single speed, offer a variety of set
    speeds, or be driven by a variable-frequency drive to allow a wide
    range of air flow rates.
    • Flow rate may also be controlled by inlet vanes or outlet dampers on
    the fan.
    General considerations in air duct design
    and layout
    General considerations in air duct design
    and layout
    General considerations in air duct design
    and layout
    General considerations in air duct design
    and layout
    Location of supply air outlets & return air outlets

    • TYPES OF AIR DISTRIBUTION DIFFUSERS:

    1. Grilles and Registers


    2. Ceiling diffusers
    3. Slot diffusers
    4. Light Troffer-Diffuser
    1.Grilles and Registers
    • A grille is an outlet for supply air or an
    inlet for return air. A register is a grille with
    a volume control damper.
    • Figure 39.5 shows the front view of a
    supply air grille with horizontal and
    vertical vanes.
    • The vanes, either fixed or adjustable are
    used for deflecting airflow.
    • They can be mounted either on the
    sidewalls or in the ceiling.
    2. Ceiling diffusers

    • A ceiling diffuser consists of concentric rings or


    inner cones made up of vanes arranged in fixed
    directions.
    • Ceiling diffusers can be round, square or
    rectangular in shape. Figure 39.6 (a) shows
    square and rectangular ceiling diffuser, and Fig.
    39.6(b) shows a perforated diffuser.
    • A square diffuser is widely used for supply air. In
    the diffusers the supply air is discharged through
    the concentric air passages in all directions.
    • Ceiling diffusers are normally mounted at the
    center of the conditioned space
    3. Slot diffusers

    • A slot diffuser consists of a plenum box


    with single or multiple slots and air
    deflecting vanes.
    • These are mounted either on the side
    walls or in the ceiling.
    • Linear slot diffusers mounted on the
    sidewalls can be as long as 30 meters.
    These are used for both supply air and
    return air.
    Light Troffer-Diffuser

    • A light troffer-diffuser combines a fluorescent


    light troffer and a slot diffuser.
    • The slot can be used either as supply air outlet
    or return air inlet.
    • It is an integrated layout of light troffer, diffuser
    and return slots can be formed on suspended
    ceilings
    • A combination of light troffer and return slot
    reduces the space cooling load as the return air
    absorbs a part of the heat emitted by the
    lights.

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