Socket Programming

2: Application Layer 1
Socket-programming using TCP
Socket: a door between application process and end-end-
transport protocol (UCP or TCP)
TCP service: reliable transfer of bytes from one process
to another

controlled by
controlled by process application
application process
developer
developer socket socket
controlled by TCP with TCP with controlled by
buffers, operating
operating buffers, internet system
system variables variables

host or host or
server server

2: Application Layer 2
Socket programming with TCP
Client must contact server  When contacted by client,
 server process must first be server TCP creates new
running socket for server process to
 server must have created communicate with client
socket (door) that welcomes  allows server to talk with
client’s contact multiple clients
Client contacts server by:  source port numbers
 creating client-local TCP used to distinguish
socket clients (more in Chap 3)
 specifying IP address, port
number of server process application viewpoint
 When client creates socket: TCP provides reliable, in-order
client TCP establishes transfer of bytes (“pipe”)
connection to server TCP between client and server

2: Application Layer 3
Stream jargon
keyboard monitor
 A stream is a sequence
of characters that flow
into or out of a process.

inFromUser
input
stream

 An input stream is Client

Process
attached to some input process
source for the process,
eg, keyboard or socket.
 An output stream is

inFromServer
outToServer
output input

attached to an output
stream stream

source, eg, monitor or client TCP

socket.
clientSocket
socket TCP
socket

to network from network

2: Application Layer 4
Socket programming with TCP
keyboard monitor

Example client-server app:

1) client reads line from
standard input (inFromUser

inFromUser
input
stream
stream) , sends to server via Client
socket (outToServer Process
process
stream)
2) server reads line from socket
3) server converts line to
uppercase, sends back to

inFromServer
outToServer
output input
client stream stream

4) client reads, prints modified

line from socket client
clientSocket
TCP
socket
(inFromServer stream)
TCP
socket

to network from network

2: Application Layer 5
Client/server socket interaction: TCP
Server (running on hostid) Client
create socket,
port=x, for
incoming request:
welcomeSocket =
ServerSocket()

TCP create socket,

wait for incoming
connection request connection setup connect to hostid, port=x
connectionSocket = clientSocket =
welcomeSocket.accept() Socket()

send request using

read request from clientSocket
connectionSocket

write reply to
connectionSocket read reply from
clientSocket
close
connectionSocket close
clientSocket
2: Application Layer 6
 Example: Java client (TCP)
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class TCPClient {

public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception

{
String sentence;
String modifiedSentence;
Create
input stream BufferedReader inFromUser =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
Create
client socket, Socket clientSocket = new Socket("hostname", 6789);
connect to server
Create DataOutputStream outToServer =
output stream new DataOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream());
attached to socket
2: Application Layer 7
 Example: Java client (TCP), cont.

Create BufferedReader inFromServer =

input stream new BufferedReader(new
attached to socket InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));

sentence = inFromUser.readLine();
Send line
to server outToServer.writeBytes(sentence + '\n');

Read line modifiedSentence = inFromServer.readLine();

from server
System.out.println("FROM SERVER: " + modifiedSentence);

clientSocket.close();

}
}
2: Application Layer 8
 Example: Java server (TCP)
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

class TCPServer {

public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception

{
String clientSentence;
Create String capitalizedSentence;
welcoming socket
ServerSocket welcomeSocket = new ServerSocket(6789);
at port 6789
while(true) {
Wait, on welcoming
socket for contact Socket connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept();
by client
BufferedReader inFromClient =
Create input new BufferedReader(new
stream, attached InputStreamReader(connectionSocket.getInputStream()));
to socket

2: Application Layer 9
 Example: Java server (TCP), cont

Create output
stream, attached DataOutputStream outToClient =
to socket new DataOutputStream(connectionSocket.getOutputStream());
Read in line
from socket clientSentence = inFromClient.readLine();

capitalizedSentence = clientSentence.toUpperCase() + '\n';

Write out line
outToClient.writeBytes(capitalizedSentence);
to socket
}
}
} End of while loop,
loop back and wait for
another client connection

2: Application Layer 10
Socket programming with UDP

UDP: no “connection” between

client and server
 no handshaking
 sender explicitly attaches application viewpoint
IP address and port of
destination to each packet
UDP provides unreliable transfer
of groups of bytes (“datagrams”)
 server must extract IP
between client and server
address, port of sender
from received packet
UDP: transmitted data may be
received out of order, or
lost

2: Application Layer 11
Client/server socket interaction: UDP
Server (running on hostid) Client

create socket,
port=x, for create socket,
clientSocket =
incoming request: DatagramSocket()
serverSocket =
DatagramSocket()
Create, address (hostid, port=x,
send datagram request
using clientSocket
read request from
serverSocket

write reply to
serverSocket
specifying client read reply from
host address, clientSocket
port number close
clientSocket

2: Application Layer 12
Example: Java client (UDP)
keyboard monitor

inFromUser
input
stream

Client
Process
Input: receives
process
packet (TCP
Output: sends received “byte
packet (TCP sent stream”)

receivePacket
sendPacket
“byte stream”) UDP UDP
packet packet

client
clientSocket UDP
socket UDP
socket

to network from network

2: Application Layer 13
 Example: Java client (UDP)
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

class UDPClient {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{
Create
input stream BufferedReader inFromUser =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
Create
client socket DatagramSocket clientSocket = new DatagramSocket();
Translate
InetAddress IPAddress = InetAddress.getByName("hostname");
hostname to IP
address using DNS byte[] sendData = new byte[1024];
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];

String sentence = inFromUser.readLine();

sendData = sentence.getBytes();
2: Application Layer 14
 Example: Java client (UDP), cont.
Create datagram
with data-to-send, DatagramPacket sendPacket =
length, IP addr, port new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress, 9876);

Send datagram clientSocket.send(sendPacket);

to server
DatagramPacket receivePacket =
new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);
Read datagram
clientSocket.receive(receivePacket);
from server
String modifiedSentence =
new String(receivePacket.getData());

System.out.println("FROM SERVER:" + modifiedSentence);

clientSocket.close();
}
}

2: Application Layer 15
 Example: Java server (UDP)
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

class UDPServer {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
Create {
datagram socket
DatagramSocket serverSocket = new DatagramSocket(9876);
at port 9876
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
byte[] sendData = new byte[1024];

while(true)
{
Create space for
DatagramPacket receivePacket =
received datagram
new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);
Receive serverSocket.receive(receivePacket);
datagram
2: Application Layer 16
 Example: Java server (UDP), cont
String sentence = new String(receivePacket.getData());
Get IP addr
InetAddress IPAddress = receivePacket.getAddress();
port #, of
sender int port = receivePacket.getPort();

String capitalizedSentence = sentence.toUpperCase();

sendData = capitalizedSentence.getBytes();
Create datagram
DatagramPacket sendPacket =
to send to client new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress,
port);
Write out
datagram serverSocket.send(sendPacket);
to socket }
}
} End of while loop,
loop back and wait for
another datagram
2: Application Layer 17
Building a simple Web server
 handles one HTTP  after creating server,
request you can request file
 accepts the request using a browser (eg IE
explorer)
 parses header
 see text for details
 obtains requested file
from server’s file
system
 creates HTTP response
message:
 header lines + file
 sends response to client

2: Application Layer 18