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    4.2 (4.1) Periodic Table & Periodic Trends

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    Nicalia
    The document discusses periodic trends in the periodic table. It explains that the periodic table arranges elements in order of increasing proton number and consists of 7 horizontal periods. It describes several element properties that can be compared, including atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity. It notes that these properties often show trends within groups and across periods in the periodic table. The document also discusses specific trends in atomic radius, ease of ionization, electronegativity, and metallic character that occur down each group.

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    4.2 (4.1) Periodic Table & Periodic Trends

    Uploaded by

    Nicalia
    91 views15 pages
    The document discusses periodic trends in the periodic table. It explains that the periodic table arranges elements in order of increasing proton number and consists of 7 horizontal periods. It describes several element properties that can be compared, including atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity. It notes that these properties often show trends within groups and across periods in the periodic table. The document also discusses specific trends in atomic radius, ease of ionization, electronegativity, and metallic character that occur down each group.

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    The document discusses periodic trends in the periodic table. It explains that the periodic table arranges elements in order of increasing proton number and consists of 7 horizontal periods. It describes several element properties that can be compared, including atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity. It notes that these properties often show trends within groups and across periods in the periodic table. The document also discusses specific trends in atomic radius, ease of ionization, electronegativity, and metallic character that occur down each group.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    91 views15 pages

    4.2 (4.1) Periodic Table & Periodic Trends

    Uploaded by

    Nicalia
    The document discusses periodic trends in the periodic table. It explains that the periodic table arranges elements in order of increasing proton number and consists of 7 horizontal periods. It describes several element properties that can be compared, including atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity. It notes that these properties often show trends within groups and across periods in the periodic table. The document also discusses specific trends in atomic radius, ease of ionization, electronegativity, and metallic character that occur down each group.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    THE PERIODIC TABLE &

    PERIODIC TRENDS.

    Specific objectives:

    4.1. Explain the basis of the


    arrangement of elements in
    the Periodic Table;
    Page 28
    The Periodic Table
    I II III IV V VI VII 0
    Groups

    Transition elements
    The Periodic Table

    1
    2
    3
    Period

    4
    5
    6
    7

    ■ The elements are arranged in order of increasing proton


    (atomic) number.
    ■ There are 7 horizontal rows called “Periods”.
    Trends in the Periodic Table
    Some of the properties of elements which can be
    compared are:
    - Atomic radius – A measure of the size of an
    atom
    - Ease of Ionization – a measure of the ability of
    an atom to lose electrons to form positive ions.
    - Electronegativity – a measure of the ease of an
    atom to gain electrons to form negative ions.
    - Other physical properties, e.g. melting point,
    boiling point and electrical conductivity.
    - Reactivity.
    For each of these properties, there can be group
    trends and period trends.
    Trends in the Periodic Table
    Some of the properties of elements which can be
    compared are:
    - Atomic radius – A measure of the size of an atom
    - Ease of Ionization – a measure of the ability of
    an atom to lose electrons to form positive ions.
    -Ionization Energy- a measure of the amount of energy
    that is required to remove one electron
    - Electronegativity – a measure of the ease of an
    atom to gain electrons to form negative ions.
    - Other physical properties, e.g. melting point,
    boiling point and electrical conductivity.
    - Reactivity.
    For each of these properties, there can be group trends
    GROUPS
    The Periodic Table contains 8 groups numbered I-
    VIII. Group VIII is sometimes called Group 0. Some
    general trends include:
    ■All the elements have the same number of electrons
    in the outermost shell. This number is the same as
    the group number. All the elements in a group must
    therefore lose or gain the same number of electrons
    to form a stable electronic configuration. Therefore
    they tend to have the same common oxidation number
    and valency.
    ■Elements in a group show similar chemical
    properties.
    GROUPS

    ■ ATOMIC RADIUS increases down a group.


    Down the group each element has one more
    electron shell than the previous element. The
    inner electron shells “shield” the outer shells
    from the full charge of the nucleus. The atomic
    radii therefore increase as shells move further
    away from the nucleus than they should.
    GROUPS

    ■ The EASE OF IONIZATION increases down the


    group since outer electrons are further from the
    nucleus and are therefore more weakly held. This
    also means that there is an increase in metallic
    character down a group.
    ■ ELECTRONEGATIVITY decreases down the
    group. As the nucleus becomes increasingly
    shielded by inner electron shells, the power of the
    nucleus to draw electrons to itself lessens.
    These points can be further illustrated by
    examining Group II and VII.
    ELECTRONEGATIVITY DECREASES
    TRENDS IN
    GROUPS

    METALLIC CHARACTER
    INCREASES
    EASE OF IONIZATION INCREASES
    ATOMIC RADIUS INCREASES

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