CARLITO C.

PIJANO
“Poly”
Poly means Many or More

• “Graphos”
Graphos means
• Writings or
Graphs
 DISTINCTION
• POLYGRAPHY – is the scientific deception
detection with the use or aid of a Polygraph.
Polygraph

• POLYGRAPH – is an instrument or device

capable of recording internal bodily changes,
such as blood-pressure/pulse-rates,
blood-pressure/pulse-rates
respiration,
respiration electro-dermal properties of the
skin or the Galvanic Skin-Reflex (GSR),
GSR which
are indicative of emotional excitement,
excitement
especially of
• lying,
lying when questioned.
questioned
 LYING & DECEPTION
DECEPTION – is the act of deceiving or misleading
through misrepresentation usually
accomplished by means of lying.
LYING – is the uttering or conveying falsehood or
creating false impressions affecting acts,
opinions or affections of another. It is done
through:
• Verbal terms spoken by the mouth
• Acts, feigns or ruses through marks, signs and
symbols
 DETECTION
The act of discovering the existence or
presence of something hidden or obscured.

STIMULUS
The force or motion reaching the organism
from the environment and excites the
perceptors.
 Definitions…
Reaction – it is actions in mental attitude
evoke by external influence.
Deception – is an act of deceiving or
misleading usually accompanied by lying.
Detection – is an act of discovery
existence, pressure or fact or something
hidden or obscure.
Lying – is an uttering or conveying
falsehood, creating a false or misleading
impression.
 Def. conts…
Response – is any activity or division of the previous
activity of an organism or as effect organ or part of the
organism resulting from stimulation.
Specific Response – is any deviation from the normal
tracing of a subject.
Normal Response – is a tracing on the chart wherein the
subject answered in irrelevant questions.
Polygraph Examiner – is one who conducts or
administers test.
Chart or Polygrams – refers to the composite records of
the Pneumograph, Galvanograph and Cardiosphymograph
tracings recorded from series questions.
Subject – refers to a person being examined.
 Conts.
Psychology - Means is the study of
human behavior. Characteristics are influence
by heredity and environment. Heredity is the
transmission of physical and mental traits to
offspring.
Environment - Is the sum total of
dissimulation that a person acquired from the
time it was conceived.Physical characteristics
are influence, by heredity, behavioral pattern,
personality traits and knowledge.
 Conts…
Emotion – is an acute disturbance of the
individual as a whole, psychological in
origin involving behavior conscious
experience and visceral functioning.

Stress – is described as physiological

response of a body to any demand to
place it.
 Some Known Methods of
Detecting Deceptions
• Ancient Ordeals
• Observation Methods
• Regular Police Methods
• Hypnotism
• Word Association Test
• Truth Serum Test/ Intoxication
• Polygraphy
 Some Ancient Ordeals of
Detecting Lies
• Red Hot Iron Ordeal
• Ordeal of Balance
• The Boiling Water Ordeal
• Ordeal of the Red Water
• Donkey’s Tail Ordeal
• Rice Chewing Ordeal
• Ordeal by Blessed Bread
• Test of the Eucharist
 (Cont’n…Ancient Ordeals of
Detecting Lies)

• Ordeal of the Bier

• Ordeal by Combat
• Ordeal of the needle
• Trial of the Cross
• Ordeal by Heat and Fire
• Trial of the Waxen Shirt
• Ordeal of the Tiger
 Observation Methods

• Thru Facial Expression

• Thru Postural Reaction
• Thru Cause and Effect Process, such
as the stimulation-reaction or
response test.
 Thru Facial Expression
• Blushing, paling or profuse sweating of forehead
• Dilation of the eyes, protrusion of the eyeballs and
elevation of upper eyelids
• Squinting of the eyes (showing envy, disdain, distrust,
etc.)
• Twitching of the lips
• Excessive winking of eyes
• Failure to look the inquirer “straight into the eye”
• Excessive activity of Adam’s apple and the vein at the
temple due to dryness of throat and mouth
• Quivering of nose or nostrils
• A peculiar monotone of the voice
• A forced laugh
• Rolling of eyeballs from one direction to another
 Thru Postural Reaction
• Fidgeting, tapping or drumming of fingers on
the chair or other surfaces.
• Swinging of legs or one leg over the other.
• Unnecessary movements of hands and feet
(like scratching, nail-biting, thumb – or
finger sucking.
• Pulsation of the carotid artery in the neck
• Incoherence, trembling and sweating of the
whole body.
 The CAUSE & EFFECT Process

• The Stimulus -> Reaction -> Response

• The Stimulus -> Fight! or Flight!
Intended to protect or
maintain harmonious
relationship

Lie made by
a person who
can’t distinguish
right or wrong
CONTS.
- lie that purports to
destroy other ideologies
by means of propaganda
and brain washing

- a lie which accompanies

pretensions and
hypocrisies, intriguing to
cause dishonor or discredit
ones’ good image
Conts…
- Intended to
mislead or
obstruct justice.
- Examples are
“Perjury” and
“False
Testimonies” of
false witnesses.
 Types of Lies
• Direct Denial
• Lie of Omission
• Lie of Fabrication
• Lie of Minimization
• Lie of Exaggeration
1. Stammering;
2. Swearing to or before God that he did not commit the crime;
3. Pointing his guilt to somebody else;
4. Subject refuses to answer questions thru alibis and excuses;
5. He is all the time absent-minded;
6. He is always requesting for repetition of questions;
7. He often asks counter-questions and counter-queries;
8. He often asks permissions to go to comfort-rooms, etc.
Proper Positioning

 is instructed to sit down

properly;
 listens carefully to all the
questions asked;
 answers all the questions
truthfully;
 must answer all the
questions definitely with
either “YES” or “NO”
apparatuses
7-12 yrs old Fantastic subject
13-19 yrs old Age of limitation
and Idolatry
20-25 yrs old Idealistic and be
principled
26-60 yrs old Materialism. Maturity &
Responsibility
Memories are fading;
61-death
Irritability and Senility
1.1. Emotion
Emotionas
asCONSCIOUS
CONSCIOUS
EXPERIENCES
EXPERIENCES
2. Emotion as MOTIVES

3. Emotion as RESPONSES
1. Emotion as CONSCIOUS
EXPERIENCES
• Happy; Elation; Delight; Affection; Joy; Laughter;
• Annoyance; Worry; Jealousy; Frustration; Shame;
 2. Emotion as MOTIVES

 Emotional Motive as Facilitating

 Emotional Motive as Interfering
Behavior
Behavior
3. Emotion as RESPONSES

• External Responses
• Internal Responses
Activator of the
body mechanism
 The Nervous/ Neurological System

Divisions
I. Central Nervous System (CNS) (Kymograph)
• Brain
• Spinal Cord
II. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• Somatic Nervous System
• Autonomic Nervous System
» Sympathetic ANS
» Parasympathetic ANS
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain
 Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain

• Thinks –is responsible for your memory,

intelligence, your thoughts
• Controls your autonomic functions – heart
rate, breathing, homeostasis
• Controls your immune system – protects you
from viruses
 Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain
• Receives information – within a fraction of a
second, too minuscule to measure
• Acts on the external universe – allows you to
cry, walk, play a musical instrument
• Utilizes language – one of your most
advanced functions
• Possesses emotions – creates your affective
universe
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain
Left Hemisphere Right Hemisphere
• Verbal competence • Nonverbal areas
• Speaking, reading, • Comprehension,
thinking & reasoning spatial relationships,
• Processes info in drawing, music,
sequence emotion
• One piece of data at • Processes info. As a
a time whole
• logical • intuitive
Do you recognize the image?
This one is ?
What is your observation?
You are a good ________?
 Where is the correct color?
• RED ORANGE YELLOW
• BLUE RED BLACK
• GREEN YELLOW ORANGE
• BLACK RED BLUE
• ORANGE GREEN YELLOW
• BLUE INDIGO BLUE
• YELLOW GREEN ORANGE
• RED BLACK & BLUE
Where is real people here in the
image?
Please find horses?
Recognize this?
Do you believe in theories of no end?
What man’s doing?
How many deer?
What words in the image?
If you’re above average?
Forward & backward technique?
I will prove it to you that I am a men?
And you’re?
Responsible for
the
distribution of the
blood
Right Left
LUNG LUNG

HEART
External covering of the body consisting
essentially of
Epidermis, Dermis, and the Hypodermis
 Other terms
The POLYGRAPH
a.k.a.
The DECEPTOGRAPH
a.k.a.
The LIE-DETECTOR
a.k.a.
The PNEUMO-GALVO-SPHYGMO-
CARDIOGRAPH
B & W LIE DETECTOR Model 8AC
STOELTING CARDIO-PNEUMO POLYGRAPH 
                                              
 LEE & SON’S
BERKELEY PSYCHOGRAPH
KEELER POLYGRAPH
MODEL 6317
 LAFAYETTE DIGITAL
POLYGRAPH LAPTOP MODEL
 Computerize Polygraph
Lafayette Polygraph LX4000-505
 LAFAYETTE DIGITAL
POLYGRAPH LAPTOP MODEL
Stoelting CPS II Digital 8 Channels
 The POLYGRAPH
Then . . .

. . . And NOW !
• The
The POLYGRAPH
POLYGRAPH
• Components
Components &
& Accessories
Accessories

The
The POLYGRAPH
POLYGRAPH
Components
Components &
& Accessories
Accessories
The
ThePNEUMOGRAPHIC
PNEUMOGRAPHICTUBE
TUBE
What is this?
PNEUMOGRAPHIC TRACINGS
 The ARM CUFF

The
CARDIOGRAPHIC
Component
 HAND-PUMP BULB

The CARDIOGRAPHIC Component

ANEROID B/P METER GAUGE

The CARDIOGRAPHIC Component

The CARDIOGRAPHIC
TRACINGS
The FINGER ELECTRODES

The GALVANOGRAPHIC
(GSR) Component
The
The G.S.R.
G.S.R. Tracings
Tracings
The KYMOGRAPH
Component
 The Historical
Development of the
Polygraph
1895 - first attempt to use a scientific instrument
stressing its importance to Lie-Detection

CESARE LOMBROSO - an Italian Criminologist

and
Physicist, who published experiments regarding
the presence and absence of blood pressure
and pulse rate changes on suspects whose
guilt or innocence he sought to be determined.
FIRST PERSON TO USE
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS FOR
THE PURPOSE OF DETECTING
LIES.
• 1914-VITTORIO BENUSSI
• Published his researches on respiration
• changes as indicators of lying and deception
William Moulton Marston
In 1915, he made researches
on sphygmomanometer's
usefulness in
detecting lies and deceptions
Improvised and conformingly utilized the
techniques Of Benussi
In 1921, he assembled an instrument capable of recording
simultaneous physilogical changes of blood-pressure,
pulse-rates, and respiration
Devised an additional instrument , which consisted of
galvanometer
for recording what is known as the GSR, to Larson.
Contributed a new device for recording unobserved
muscular
activities of the arms, thighs and feet.
Devised the Ink
Polygraph
Pneumograph Component
The pneumograph component is to record the changes of breathing
of the subject. It is made up of two units, the Pneumograph chest
assembly and the recording unit. The Pneumograph assembly is
composed of the rubber-convoluted tube and banded chain tubing.

Galvanograph Component

The Galvanograph component is to record the skin resistance of the

subject to a very small amount of electricity. It is composed of the
finger electrode assembly, amplifier unit and the galvanometer-
recorder unit. The finger electrode connects the subject to the
instrument in such manner that his skin resistance is a circuit
element of the polygraph.
 Conts..
Cardiosphymograph Component
The Cardiosphymograph component is to record the changes of the blood
pressure and pulse rate of the subject. It is composed of the blood
pressure cuff assembly, sphygmomanometer (BP) vent, and resonance
control and recording unit.

Kymograph Component

Kymograph component is a motor that pulls or drives the chart

paper under the recording pen simultaneously at the rate of 6 or
12 inches per minute. It also a chart or paper feed mechanism.
The chart must travel at a uniform speed to facilitate valid
interpretations. The parts composed of the paper well writing
table, paper guide rails, paper roller assembly with sprockets,
chart feed switch, Ac power in put connector and all 5 volt GC
cycle synchronous motor.
Theory of Polygraph Examination

The conscious mental effort of a mentally

normal person to lie causes physiological
changes within his body that could be
recorded by the polygraph instrument and
diagnosed or evaluated by the polygraph
examiner.
 Preliminary Preparation
• In order to conduct a satisfactory polygraph
examination, it is necessary for the examiner to obtain
accurate information regarding all the available facts and
circumstances that form the basis for the suspicion or
accusation directed against the person to be examined,
where the victim or other eyewitness too an occurrence is
available, he should be interviewed.

• A crime scene sketch, prepared by an informed

investigator, is usually better for polygraph examination
purposes, than mere verbal descriptions, or even
photographs. The latter are less revealing, for this purpose,
than rough sketches supplemented by the investigator’s
verbal details.
 Phases of Polygraph Examinations

I. Initial interview with the investigator handling the case;

These include the following;

Obtaining and evaluating facts.
Determining the areas of the subject need to be asked.
the investigator must furnish the examiner of the following documents:

- Sworn Statement of suspect/s, witnesses and victims, complaint,

incident or spot report, BI of the suspect, witness and victims, rough
sketch or pictures of the crime scene and other facts, such as:

- Specific articles exact amount of money stolen

- Peculiar aspect of the offense or any strange out
 Conts..
- The exact time, date and place of the offense was
committed
- Known facts about the suspect’s movement
- The facts indicates any connection between the
suspect/s,
- victims and witness
- Exact type of weapon, tolls or firearms used
- Results of the other laboratory test
- Unpublished facts of the offense known only by the
victim, suspect’s and the investigator on case
II. Conduct of Pre-Test Interview
The examiner interview with the subject prior to
the test is considerable importance both for the
purpose of conditioning the subject for
examination and also to provoke and observe
indications of guilt or innocent which are often
forthcoming.
-------The primarily purposes of the pre-test
interview is to prepare the subject for the
test.
PREPARATION OF THE SUBJECT
FOR THE TEST
1. the appraisal of subject’s constitutional rights.

2. obtain subject’s consent to undergo polygraph test.

3. the taking of the personal data of the subject

4. determine his/her suitability as a subject

5. evaluating the psychological preparation

6. informing the subject of his involvement with the

case.
 III. Conduct of Instrumental Test
• After, Pre-test interview the examiner should proceed to place
the attachment of polygraph components to the subject: such as
the Pneumograph, Cardiosphymograph, and Galvanograph
components. Review all the questions being prepared with the
subject and determine his answer for every question asked.
Although questions the subject asks the instrument should be
answered (briefly as possible), the examiner should discourage
any lengthy comments or statements by the subject respecting
the matter or incident under investigation.

• Test instruction must be given to the subject. Any

movement of the body of the subject during the test will affect
the tracing results on the chart paper. The answer of the
subject of all the questions is limited by Yes or No, in order
to avoid distortion tracing on the chart.
 IV. Post Test Interview/ Interrogation
This phase includes or consideration that stand on the
examination just after the instrument is turns off.

If the polygraph test indicates deception the examiner will

then proceed to conduct short interrogation.

The purpose of which is to obtain confession.

However, if the polygraph indicate the subject is innocent,

the examiner just releases the subject cordially and thanks
for his cooperation. If the subject is cooperative, just to say
“thank you for your cooperation”.
IDEAL EXAMINATION ROOM

- It must be spacious for two persons

- It must be well ventilated
- It must be well lighted
- It must not be decorated
- It must be 90 percent sound proof
 Fit of the subject during the Test
- The subject must have a good night prior to the test
at least five hours.
- The subject must refrain from smoking for at least
two hours prior to the test.
- The subject must not be interrogated for a prolong
Period prior to the test.
- The subject must be free from any physical abuse.

- The subject must refrain from the use of alcohol,

sedatives, prohibited drugs and other cold syrups or
capsules for at least 12 hours prior to the test.
 Conts…

- The subject must not be hungry

- The subject must not be suffering from
any temporary illness such as: fever, severe
cold and cough, allergy, stomachache,
toothache, open wound and the like.
- The subject must not highly and
emotionally nervous.
- The female subject must be free from
menstrual cycle.
- The subject must not be sexually abused
Constitutional Right of the Subject
1. He has the right to remain silent (forever)
2.He has the right to have a competent and
independent Counsel preferably of his own
choice.
3.He has the right against self-incrimination.
4.He has the right to refuse; anything he can say
can be used as evidence in favor or against him
in any Court of Justice in the Philippines.
 Limitation of Polygraph
-it is an invariable investigative aid but never a
substitute for an investigation.
-it is not only a lie detector but also a scientific
diagnostic instrument.
-it does not determine facts but it is diagnostic
reaction.
-it is accurate as the examiner is competent.
-it record response which the subject knows to be
truth.
-the test will not be given until enough facts of the
case have been established to permit as examiner
to prepare a complete sets of suitable questions.
 Conts…
-a test will not be given without voluntary consent of
the subject.

-no indication will be given to any person or place

In any report that a person will be considered
Guilty because he refuse to take the test.

-test will not be given until the accusation have

been explained to the subject.

-no attempt to use polygraph for mental or physical

evaluation of any person.

-no examination can be conducted to an unfit

Subject.
 Moral Qualities of a Polygraph
-
Examiner
He must be free of prejudice.
- He must have the sincere desire to become a polygraph
- He must devote himself to the polygraph profession by
maintaining a highly personality, integrity, and by
increasing his personal proficiency thru constant study and
research.
- He must always conduct an examination in a professional and
ethical manner
- He must not let his personal feeling, sympathies and prejudice
of other influence the result of the examination.
- He must always remember that he is impartial seeker of the
truth.
- He must be of a good character
- He must be decently dress
 TECHNICAL QUALIFICATIONS OF A
POLYGRAPH EXAMINER
- He must have a good to the instrument,
capabilities, and limitation.

- He must have a complete knowledge to a

modern instrument.

- He must be proficient in the conduct of

polygraph examination, test construction,
and chart interpretation.
 PRINCIPAL USES OF POLYGRAPH

- It is an aid to the investigator

- It speeds the process of investigation
- It eliminate innocent subjects
- The investigator could concentrate to one
subject to determine the truth of
deception.
 Legal Aspects of Polygraphy
•The polygraph examiner’s opinion, analysis
and interpretation of the test chart generally are
not acceptable as evidence particularly is
standing alone. The examiner may however
testify in the voluntaries of any statement,
admission of confession obtained after as
individual agreed to the test.

•Polygraph and expertise testimony relating

thereto can be admissible upon stipulation to
corroborate with the other evidences of the
defendant’s participation in crime charge or to
corroborate to impeach of his own testimony
under the following condition:
 Conts..
1. The counsel of both parties and the subject all sign written
stipulation providing for his admission to the graph
and examiner opinion thereon in behalf or either
the defendant or the state.
2. That the admissibility of test result is subject to the
discretion of the trial judge, if the trial judge is not
convinced that the examiner is not qualified or the test.
Was conducted under improper condition, the judge may
refuse to accept such as evidence.
3. That if the graph and the examiner’s opinion are offered
in evidence. The opposing party shall have the
right to cross examine the examiner respecting
the following:
3.1. The examiner qualification and training.
3.2. The condition under which the test is administered.
3.3. At the discretion of the trial judge, any other matter
deems pertinent to the inquiry.
 TEST QUESTION
The phraseology of the test question is an Extremely
important aspect of the examination. The questions, and
every word used in the questions, must be unambiguous,
unequivocal, and thoroughly understandable by the
subject.
 GENERAL RULE IN FORMULATION OF QUESTIONS
1. Question must be simple and direct.
2. Must not involve legal terminology, such as: rape, murder,
assault, and etc.
3. Must be answerable by Yes and No
4. Must be short as possible, the meaning must be cleared
and unmistakable phrase in a language and the subject
can be easily understood.
5. Must not be in the form of an accusation
6. Question must never contain inference which
presupposes knowledge on the part of the subject.
7. All questions must refer to one offense only
8. All questions must refer to only one element of an offense
9. Must not contain inferences to one’s religion, race or
belief.
 TWO TYPES OF QUESTION

1. Irrelevant question
2. Relevant question
3. Strong relevant question
 TWO TYPES OF TEST

1. General question test – is questions consist of

series of relevant and irrelevant questions ask in
a plan order. In general, questions are so arrange
as to make answer by Yes or No.

2. Peak of Tension Test - is the process of

questioning with the subject by choosing the
number given by the examiner in order to
determine wherever there is reaction on the
chart tracing. (card test & yes test)
 TEST QUESTION
In our hypothetical case, therefore, the test questions would
be
As follows:

1. Have you been called Red?

2. Are you in Chicago (or other city) now?
3. Did you steal John Jones’ watch last Saturday night?
4. Are you over 21 years of age?
5. Did you shoot John Jones last Saturday?
6. Did you ever steal anything else?
7. Did you ever go to school?
8. Were those your footprints near John Jones’ body?
9. Do you know for sure who shoot John Jones?
10. Did you ever steal anything from a place where you worked?
 CHART MARKING

• Through the proper use of test graph marking

will be able to evaluate the result of polygraph
chart and without marking it is impossible to
evaluate the chart or to arrive at any conclusion.

• The tracing have no meaning unless you what

occurred at its point throughout the chart.
Standardized chart even do were not present
when the chart ran could still evaluated by
examiner.
CHART MARKING SYMBOLS AND SIGNS

Beginning - - - - X
Stimulus - - - - //
Yes - - - - - +
No - - - - - -
Subject fall to answer - - - no sign
Subject talk - - - - T
Talking instruction - - - TI
Coughing - - - - C
Movement - - - - M
Mechanical adjustment- - - Arrow
Clearing of throat - - - CT
Outside noise - - - - OSN
Sigh - - - - - S
Sniff - - - - - SN
 Conts…
Sneeze - - - - SZ
Burp - - - - - B
Yawn - - - - - Y
Deep breathing - - - DB
Subject laugh - - - L
Breathing instruction - - BI
Repeat the question - - R
Paper jump - - - PJ
Ending - - - - XX
 Chart Interpretation
To facilitate, evaluation and interpretation of the chart marking are made
with the use of symbols and signs to enable the examiner to determine the
following:

- Exact time the test commenced and terminated

- Initial and final blood pressure and Galvanograph breathing
- Particular point where each question ask started and ended
corresponding identification type and time of the answer given
by subject
- Any instruction given or repetition of question made
- Duration in amplitude of reaction pattern
- Mechanical adjustment or re-adjustment made
- Any movement, cough, talking by the subject or outside instruction
that occurred
- Time interval repeated question
- Ex-tremendous factor affecting test chart paper jump, Chart number,
name of subject, time and date.
 Conts..
The accuracy of instrumental
detection of deception is dependent
upon the examiner ability to
diagnose truth or deception by
reading and interpreting the chart.
 GENERAL RULE OF CHART
INTERPRETATION

1. There must be a specific response; it must

form from the norm of the subject.

2. It must appear in at least two or more

chart. The best indications of deception are
the simultaneous appearance of specific
responses in the Pneumograph,
Cardiosphymograph, and Galvanograph
tracing on the chart.
PRE-EMPLOYMENT AND PERIODIC
SCREENING

COLLATERAL ASPECTS OF
POLYGRAPH;

- Pre-employment screening
- Periodic screening
- Intelligence testing
- Promotion
 OBJECTIVES OF PRE-EMPLOYMENT
SCREENING
1.To verify the correctness and completeness of
subject statement of personal history.
2. To determine whether he will be honest,
sincere, and loyal in the performance of his
duties and responsibilities.
3.To determine if any of them are sympathetic in
association or participating in illegal or
subversive activities.
4. To find out if any of them are addicted to
unwanted vices.
ADVANTAGES OF PRE-EMPOLOYMENT
SCREENING FOR EMPLOYEE
- Prevent false evaluation and unfair judgment due to personality
conflict reported by previous supervisor or employee.

- It does away lengthy waiting while employment application is

being check by telephone, telegram or letter.

- Eliminates the potential hazard or honest persons having to work

alongside those who might danger in life or job security.

- Provide the safe method for a person to be cleared of unwarranted

suspicion, unjust accusation, and malicious gossip.

- It will create a ban of mutual strength between the employee

and the employer.
 ADVANTAGES OF PRE-EMPLOYEMENT
SCREENING FOR THE EMPLOYER
- Provide as accurate method whereby the employment background of
an applicant, and relevant issues collateral thereto can be
immediately check and verify at in a negligible cause.

- Detects the chronic alcoholic, job jumper and accident-prone person.

- Reveals of some of the unusual aspects concerning psychological

maladjusted, agitator, amateur and professional tend in private
industry.

- Reduces costly personnel turn over by helping management put the

right person on the right job by ascertaining an applicant attitude
toward job permanent.

- Act as a constant deterrent to employee dishonesty and permits

basically honest employee to work in greater harmony with a
basically a honest employee.
 USES OF POLYGRAPHY
AN INTELLIGENCE TESTING

1. Loss or an improper handling classified documents.

2. Falsification of certificate of destruction of classified
document.
3. Passing out of intelligence information to unauthorized
personnel for intelligence agent.
4. Detection of double agents.
5. Confirmation of intelligence report or positive agent.
6. Verification of illegal border crossing.
7. Verification of statements of defectors.
 The following questions are general areas to
be explored in pre-employed screening
1. Is your first name ____________________________?

2. Do you know that today is _____________________?

3. Have you knowingly given false answer on PHS?

4. Do you belong to any organization which seeks to overthrown by

force our present government?

5. Are you legally married man?

6. Have you ever been involved in any criminal case?

7. Have you misinterpreted your level of education?

8. Have you ever had a contact with any member of the NPA or CCP

9. Have you ever stolen anything?

 Conts..
10. Have you ever used drugs illegally?

11. Did you apply for enlisted in order to infiltrated

the command? (if military)

12. Do you have any relatives or close friends working

with the NPA or CPP?

13. Is there any incident in your life that would leave

open to blackmail?

14. Do you actually feel that you will be a loyal member

of AFP or PNP? (if any)
 Conts..
SECURITY QUESTIONS

- Do you want this job any reason other than employment?

- Are you belonging planted on this job for purposed?
- Have you ever been involved in any undetected crimes in
the past?

ACCIDENT PRONE APPLICANT FOR PRE-EMPLOYMENT

SCREEING QUESTIONS

- Have you ever suffered screening/

- Are you in good health?
- Are you deliberately concealing existence of any
present physical disability or health problem?
 PRIMARY PURPOSE OF PRE-
EMPLOYMENT SCREENING

• To verify any exaggerated statement,

which the prospective employee may
have been made. This had done thru the
personal interview and data sheet
question interview, which is very
physiological with the polygraph
instrument.
 LIE DETECTOR TEST
DETECTS THE GUILTY AND PROTECTS THE
INNOCENT
• THE EXAMINER must have a college degree, polygraph
training, experience, integrity, and adheres strictly to the
Code of Ethics and standards and principles of practice.

• U.S. SUPREME COURT in 1993, Williams Dauber vs..

Merrill Dow Pharmaceuticals, inc., adopted polygraph
expert scientific testimony in federal trial.

• U.S. COURT OF APPEALS in 1989, US vs. Picionona

declared in precedent setting decision that “ the Science of
Polygraph has progressed to a level of a acceptance of
sufficient evidence to allow the use of polygraph evidence.
 Samples of Board Questions
1. Generally, the pre test interview should take what step for the subject to trust him?
 
a. introduction, and shaking hands
b. listen carefully to what the subject has to say
c. ask the subject about his/her family and personal life
d. share a common interest with the subject
 

2. The best way to conduct a pre test interview is for the examiner to?
 

a. devote adequate time for an interviewees evaluation

b. be guided by a pre arrange checklist
c. allow himself sufficient time for adjustment
d. permit the interviewee to give narrative statement
 

3. Most common of all lies, which is intended to protect or maintain harmony of friendship at
home in the officer or else where?
 
a. black lie b. benign lie
c. red lie d. malicious lie
 
 
 Conts..
4. Prior to being subjected to a lie detection test, the detainee
should?
 
a. be treated normally
b. be given food or drink water one hour prior to the test
c. speaks to no one except the examiner
d. have awake for at least two hours
 
5. A neutral questions posed during polygraph examination
is one that?

a. is designed to motivate a response

b. is designed to observe a nervous or tense reaction
c. is given for the subjects relaxation
d. is irrelevant to the issue of the case
 Conts…
6. How the examiner should proceeds in pre-test examination to the
subject with no formal education and cannot speak well?
 
a. by using his normal everyday speech
b. trying and speaking worse than the subject
c. by adapting to the subjects way and level of speech
d. speaking in clear dignified manner
 
7. The better approach towards pre-test examination to the subjects
would be towards?
 
a. instilling in the subject a feeling of trust and confidence
b. staying as simple as possible and achieve desired results
c. allowing the subject and himself freedom of expression
d. dealing with problem that may be obvious to the subject
 
 Conts…
8. Normally, the examiner will develop his questioning of a subject
along a pattern that is?
 
a. conclusive to the environment
b. logical sequences
c. chronology
d. determined by the subject
 
9. During the pre-test examination, at what moment should the
examiner need the greatest tolerant?
 
a. when the case is difficult and complex
b. when questioning must be precise
c. when subject does not cooperate
d. when the environment is not conducive
Good luck