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    Warren Hastings: Plan of 1772 and 1774 and Reorganization in 1780

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    Chitraksh Mahajan
    Warren Hastings introduced judicial reforms in 1772 that established courts to administer civil and criminal justice separately for Hindus and Muslims. His plan of 1774 divided Bengal into districts under provincial councils but failed to adequately separate judicial and revenue collection powers. The 1780 reorganization divested councils of judicial authority and established new Provincial Courts of Diwani Adalat overseen by English officers to handle civil cases.

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    Warren Hastings: Plan of 1772 and 1774 and Reorganization in 1780

    Uploaded by

    Chitraksh Mahajan
    676 views15 pages
    Warren Hastings introduced judicial reforms in 1772 that established courts to administer civil and criminal justice separately for Hindus and Muslims. His plan of 1774 divided Bengal into districts under provincial councils but failed to adequately separate judicial and revenue collection powers. The 1780 reorganization divested councils of judicial authority and established new Provincial Courts of Diwani Adalat overseen by English officers to handle civil cases.

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    Warren Hastings

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    Warren Hastings introduced judicial reforms in 1772 that established courts to administer civil and criminal justice separately for Hindus and Muslims. His plan of 1774 divided Bengal into districts under provincial councils but failed to adequately separate judicial and revenue collection powers. The 1780 reorganization divested councils of judicial authority and established new Provincial Courts of Diwani Adalat overseen by English officers to handle civil cases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    676 views15 pages

    Warren Hastings: Plan of 1772 and 1774 and Reorganization in 1780

    Uploaded by

    Chitraksh Mahajan
    Warren Hastings introduced judicial reforms in 1772 that established courts to administer civil and criminal justice separately for Hindus and Muslims. His plan of 1774 divided Bengal into districts under provincial councils but failed to adequately separate judicial and revenue collection powers. The 1780 reorganization divested councils of judicial authority and established new Provincial Courts of Diwani Adalat overseen by English officers to handle civil cases.

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    of 15

    WARREN HASTINGS

    PLAN OF 1772 AND 1774 AND


    REORGANIZATION IN 1780
    WARREN HASTINGS
    JUDICIAL PLAN OF 1772

    ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
    Hindus
    Muslims

    CIVIL JUSTICE CRIMINAL JUSTICE


    Administrative units

    Province
    Districts
    Towns
    Villages
    CIVIL JUSTICE
    SAD
    AR
    DIW
    ANI
    ADA
    LAT
    MOFUSSIL DIWANI
    ADALAT

    SMALL CAUSE COURT


    CRIMINAL JUSTICE

    SADAR NIZAMAT
    ADALAT

    MOFUSSIL
    FAUJDARI
    ADALAT
    MERITS :
     PERSONAL LAWS OF HINDUS AND MUSLIMS
    WERE SAFEGUARDED.
     DISTRICT WAS SELECTED AS UNIT OF

    ADMINISTRATION.
     JURISDICTION OF DIWANI AND FAUJDARI

    ADALAT CLEARLY DEFINED.


     NATIVE LAW OFFICERS WERE ALSO

    APPOINTED.
    DEMERITS :
     APPLICATION OF PERSONAL LAW WAS NOT
    COMPLETE.
     PERSONAL LAWS ALLOWED ONLY TO HINDUS AND
    MUSLIMS, BUT NOT OTHER COMMUNITIES.
     JUDGES WERE ENGLISHMEN, NO KNOWLEDGE OF
    PERSONAL LAWS.
     COLLECTOR WAS CONFERRED ON EXCESSIVE
    POWERS.
     NO SEPARATION BETWEEN THE REVENUE
    COLLECTION AND ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL
    JUSTICE.
    PLAN OF 1774
     CIVIL JUSTICE:
     THE WHOLE TERRITORIES OF BENGAL, BIHAR

    AND ORISSA WERE DIVIDED INTO SIX


    DIVISIONS WITH THE HEADQUARTERS AT
    CALCUTTA, BURDWAN, MURSHIDABAD,
    DINAJPUR, DACCA AND PATNA.
     EACH DIVISION CONSISTED OF SEVERAL

    DISTRICTS.
     IN EACH DIVISION PROVINCIAL COUNCIL WAS

    ESTABLISHED.
     IN THE PLACE OF COLLECTOR, AN INDIAN
    OFFICER DIWAN OR AMIL WAS APPOINTED.
     DIWAN WAS TO COLLECT REVENUE UNDER

    THE SUPERVISION OF PROVINCIAL COUNCIL.

     CRIMINAL JUSTICE:
     SADAR NIZAMAT ADALAT WAS SHIFTED FROM

    CALCUTTA TO MURSHIDABAD.
    MERITS :
     THE ENGLISH COLLECTOR WAS REPLACED BY
    AN INDIAN OFFICER, CALLED DIWAN.
     ON ACCOUNT OF ESTABLISHMENT OF

    PROVINCIAL COUNCILS, THE BURDEN ON THE


    SADAR DIWANI ADALAT WAS LESSENED.
     REDUCED THE HARDSHIPS OF LITIGANTS.
     UNDER THE PLAN ALL CASES DECIDED BY

    MOFUSSIL DIWANI WERE APPEALABLE TO


    PROVINCIAL COUNCIL.
    DEMERITS:
     THE PROVINCIAL COUNCIL WERE CONFERRED
    ON EXCESSIVE POWERS.
     THE SEPARATION BETWEEN THE CIVIL JUSTICE

    AND REVENUE COLLECTION COULD NOT BE


    MAINTAINED. DIWANS AND PROVINCIAL
    COUNCILS BOTH WERE RESPONSIBLE NOT
    ONLY FOR THE COLLECTION OF REVENUE BUT
    ALSO THE ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL JUSTICE.
    REORGANIZATION IN 1780:
     THE PROVINCIAL COUNCILS ESTABLISHED
    UNDER THE PLAN OF 1774 WERE DIVESTED OF
    THEIR JUDICIAL POWERS AND FUNCTIONS AND
    THEY WERE ONLY TO COLLECT REVENUE AND
    DECIDE REVENUE CASES.
     THE PROVINCIAL COUNCIL TO DECIDE CIVIL
    CASES WAS CONFERRED ON A NEW COURT
    ESTABLISHED IN EACH DIVISION KNOWN AS THE
    PROVINCIAL COURT OF DIWANI ADALAT WHICH
    WAS PRESIDED OVER BY AN ENGLISH OFFICER.
     THE SUPERINTENDANT OF DIWANI ADALAT
    WAS APPOINTED BY GOVERNOR AND
    COUNCIL.
     THIS COURT WAS CONFERRED ON THE POWER

    TO DECIDE CIVIL CASES.


     COULD REFER SMALL CASES TO ZAMINDARS.
    THE PLAN OF 1781
     SIR ELIZAH IMPEY COMPILED A CIVIL
    PROCEDURE CODE.
     NUMBER OF COURTS INCREASED TO

    EIGHTEEN.
     NOW INSTEAD OF SUPERINTENDANT HE

    WOULD BE CALLED JUDGE.

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