Lecture No.1 CED

1
CE-210: Introduction to Architecture

and Urban Planning
to
3rd semester CED, UET Peshawar
2 credit hrs
Instructor
Engr. Irfan Ahmed Khan
Course Objectives
• To enable the students to

understand historical and
modern form of living and
Architecture.
• To provide knowledge
related to planning and
development of inhabitant
areas.
Course Outline
Mid Term
1. Objectives of urban planning, various theories of land

use pattern.
2. Types of plans and planning, planning elements,

planning and its relationship with other professions.
New trends in planning, functions of professional
planners.
Course Outline
3. Satellite town and garden City, issues related
to inner city urban design and emergence/up-
gradation of squatter settlements.
4. Role of transportation in urban planning,

Factors affecting transportation, travel demand
modeling, trip generation, trip distribution,
modal split, level of service analysis, intelligent
transport system.
Course Outline
Final Term
5. Land use cover and land use, Land use and environment,
factors affecting land use analysis, Research methods in urban
planning, the process of land use suitability analysis- a
practical example.
6. Energy & water conservation planning & management,

climate change, urban heat islands, Introduction to renewable
energy technologies, Rain water harvesting.
Course Outline
7. Solid waste management (source, types, physical and
chemical properties, Collection, transport, Recycling options
and efficiency and disposal), Introduction to integrated solid
waste management, Current situation and trends in Pakistan.
8. Architecture Section: General introduction to history of

architecture; Emergence/Development of Islamic
Architecture, Influences, Geographical, Climatic, Religious,
Social, Historical, Principles, Truth or purpose & beauty,
Qualities, Strength, Vitality, Grace, Breadth and Scale,
Factors: Proportion, Color and balance, Use of Materials.
Books
Wang, Xinhao, Hofe, Raine, Research Methods in Urban and Regional Planning
Introduction to Urban Planning, Milwaukee McGraw Hill Book Co.
Fletcher, S.B. A History of Architecture. The Athlone Press.
Contemporary Urban Planning by John. M. levy
Few Non Teaching Elements
Things to Remember
• No Class Assignment shall be entertained after
due date
• No Quiz , mid term exam shall be taken if
missed
• Final term exam can only be taken after
approval from Chairman CED.
Best of Luck
Week 1 : Lecture No. 1
OBJECTIVES OF URBAN PLANNING

Definitions
The noun 'plan' and the
verb 'to plan' have
several distinct
meanings.
The noun can either

mean ' a physical
representation of
something' e.g., a
drawing of a map.
OR
'an orderly arrangement
of parts of an objective'
Definitions
one definition that combines
the others and blurs the
distinction, as when we talk
about a ‘plan’ for a new
building.
This is simultaneously a
physical design of that building
as it is intended to be, and a
guide to realizing our intention
to build it. And it is here that
the real ambiguity arises
Definitions
planning is concerned
with deliberately
achieving some
objective, and it
proceeds by assembling
actions into some
orderly sequence.
Definitions
• no society on earth today
provides goods and
services for its people, or
schools and colleges for its
children, without planning
• modern society is
immeasurably more
complex, technically and
socially, than previous
societies
Definitions
• planning as a general activity is the
making of an orderly sequence of
action that will lead to the
achievement of a stated goal or
goals. Its main techniques will be
written statements, supplemented
as appropriate by statistical
projections, mathematical
representations, quantified
evaluations and diagrams
illustrating relationships between
different parts of the plan. It may,
but need not necessarily, include
exact physical blueprints of objects
Application to Urban and In many advanced industrial countries, such as
Regional Planning Britain, the United States, Germany or Japan,
the phrase ‘urban planning’ or ‘town planning’
is strictly a tautology: since a great majority of
the population are classed in the statistics as
urban and live in places defined as urban,
‘town planning’ seems simply to mean any sort
of planning whatsoever. In fact, as is well
known, ‘urban’ planning conventionally means
something more limited and precise: it refers
to planning with a spatial, or geographical,
component, in which the general objective is to
provide for a spatial structure of activities (or
of land uses) which in some way is better than
the pattern that would exist without planning.
Such planning is also known as ‘physical’
planning; ‘spatial’ planning is perhaps a more
neutral and more precise term.
Application to Urban and Regional Planning
It seems that urban

planning (or regional
planning) is a special
case of general planning,
which does include the
plan-making, or
representational,
component.
Town & City
• A town is a human settlement
larger than a village but smaller
than a city
• A city is a relatively large and

permanent settlement. Although
there is no agreement on how a
city is distinguished from a town
within general English language
meanings. Many cities have a
particular administrative, legal,
or historical status based on
local law
Town & City
• Cities generally have
complex systems for
sanitation, utilities, land
usage, housing, and
transportation.
• The concentration of
development greatly
facilitates interaction
between people and
businesses, benefiting both
parties in the process.
Town & City
• A big city or metropolis
usually has associated suburbs
and exurbs. Such cities are
usually associated with
metropolitan areas and urban
areas, creating numerous
business commuters travelling
to urban centers for
employment. Once a city
expands far enough to reach
another city, this region can
be deemed as conurbation
What is Urban Planning?
• Urban planning is an approach to
managing and influencing the
growth and development of
communities.
• Urban, city, and town planning

integrates land use planning and
transportation planning to improve
the built, economic and social
environments of communities
• Urban Planners design and facilitate

the development of livable
communities in both small and large
urban areas
Town or Urban Planning
• Regional planning deals
with a still larger
environment, at a less
detailed level
• Urban planning can

include urban renewal, by
adapting urban planning
methods to existing cities
suffering from decay and
lack of investment
Need for Urban Planning
• Communities are constantly changing
through development and population
growth. Instead of reacting to these
inevitable changes, most communities
choose to control their own fate through
planning
• An Urban planner can help communities

chart their future growth by helping them
prepare socio-economic and physical
design plans. These plans take into
consideration the felt needs of
community residents and through them
communities are able to preserve and
enhance their quality of life, preserve the
physical and natural environment, and
promote economic growth
A Planned City
• A planned community, or
planned city, is any
community that was carefully
planned from its inception
and is typically constructed in
a previously undeveloped
area. This contrasts with
settlements that evolve in a
more ad-hoc fashion. Land
use conflicts are less frequent
in planned communities since
they are planned carefully.
Some other basic terminologies
• SUBURB: A separate residential community within
commuting distance of a city.
• EXURBS: The ring of prosperous communities beyond the
suburbs that are commuter towns for an urban area.
• A COMMUTER TOWN is an urban community that is
primarily residential, from which most of the workforce
commutes out to earn their livelihood.
• The term METROPOLITAN AREA refers to a region
consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-
populated surrounding territories, sharing industry,
infrastructure, and housing.
Some other basic terminologies
• An URBAN AREA is characterized by higher population density
and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it.
Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term
is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages
and hamlets.
• A CONURBATION is a region comprising a number of cities, large
towns, and other urban areas that, through population growth
and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous
urban and industrially developed area.
• A HAMLET is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be
considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a
different sort of community
Stakes
Planning decisions often
involve large sums of
money, both public and
private. Even when little
public expenditure is
involved, planning decisions
can deliver large benefits to
some and large losses to
others. Thus one must
understand something of
the economic and financial
issues at stake
Challenges
planning in an open and a
democratic society cannot
be smooth and simple.
Planning as it is—involved
in political controversy,
tied to legal and economic
questions, and connected
to issues of ideology—is
far more interesting than it
would be if it were simply
architecture writ large.
The Best and Effective Planners
The issues which planning focuses
on are largely ones that political,
social, demographic, and
economic changes bring to the
forefront.
The best and most effective
planners are those with good
peripheral vision—those who not
only have mastered the technical
side of planning but also
understand the relationships
between planning issues and the
major forces in the society around
them
Ted Talk
References
• Hall, P. (2002). Urban and Regional Planning
(Fourth ed.).
• Levy, J. M. (2017). Contemporary Urban
Planning.

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1

CE-210: Introduction to Architecture

• To enable the students to

1. Objectives of urban planning, various theories of land

2. Types of plans and planning, planning elements,

4. Role of transportation in urban planning,

6. Energy & water conservation planning & management,

8. Architecture Section: General introduction to history of

OBJECTIVES OF URBAN PLANNING

The noun can either

It seems that urban

• A city is a relatively large and

• Urban, city, and town planning

• Urban Planners design and facilitate

• Urban planning can

• An Urban planner can help communities

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