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    Methodological Principles of FLT: Lecture 2

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    aygul
    The document outlines several methodological principles of foreign language teaching (FLT). It discusses principles such as the importance of learning concepts over methods, taking a communicative approach, comparing languages, integrating the four skills of speaking, writing, reading and listening, using authentic materials, individualizing instruction, differentiating instruction, integrating teaching methods, choosing optimal methods, and providing educative instruction. The principles aim to enhance cross-cultural understanding, effectively teach language for communication, and create a student-centered learning environment.

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    Methodological Principles of FLT: Lecture 2

    Uploaded by

    aygul
    47 views11 pages
    The document outlines several methodological principles of foreign language teaching (FLT). It discusses principles such as the importance of learning concepts over methods, taking a communicative approach, comparing languages, integrating the four skills of speaking, writing, reading and listening, using authentic materials, individualizing instruction, differentiating instruction, integrating teaching methods, choosing optimal methods, and providing educative instruction. The principles aim to enhance cross-cultural understanding, effectively teach language for communication, and create a student-centered learning environment.

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    The document outlines several methodological principles of foreign language teaching (FLT). It discusses principles such as the importance of learning concepts over methods, taking a communicative approach, comparing languages, integrating the four skills of speaking, writing, reading and listening, using authentic materials, individualizing instruction, differentiating instruction, integrating teaching methods, choosing optimal methods, and providing educative instruction. The principles aim to enhance cross-cultural understanding, effectively teach language for communication, and create a student-centered learning environment.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    47 views11 pages

    Methodological Principles of FLT: Lecture 2

    Uploaded by

    aygul
    The document outlines several methodological principles of foreign language teaching (FLT). It discusses principles such as the importance of learning concepts over methods, taking a communicative approach, comparing languages, integrating the four skills of speaking, writing, reading and listening, using authentic materials, individualizing instruction, differentiating instruction, integrating teaching methods, choosing optimal methods, and providing educative instruction. The principles aim to enhance cross-cultural understanding, effectively teach language for communication, and create a student-centered learning environment.

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    of 11

    Methodological

    Principles of FLT
    Lecture № 2.
     Ifyou learn only methods, you'll be tied to
    your methods, but if you learn principles you
    can devise your own methods. 
    -- Ralph Waldo Emerson
    The Principle of cross-cultural teaching

     Cross-culturallearning increases students'
    understanding of their own and other cultures;
    it enhances one's knowledge of the norms,
    values, and behaviors that exist in cultures. ... In
    general, it creates in students self-awareness,
    awareness about one's own culture, and
    appreciation for cultural differences.
    The Principle of comparison non-relative languages;
    in our case English with the Turkmen language

    The comparative method developed out of


    attempts to reconstruct the proto-language
    mentioned by Jones, which he did not name but
    subsequent linguists have labelled 
    Proto-Indo-European (PIE). The first
    professional comparison between the 
    Indo-European languages that were then known
    was made by the German linguist Franz Bopp in
    1816. He did not attempt a reconstruction but
    demonstrated that Greek, Latin and Sanskrit
    shared a common structure and a common
    lexicon.
    The Principle of communicative
    approach
     “Communicative Approach in language learning is an approach that is
    used in learning the second language or foreign language that
    emphasizes on the improvement of communicative ability.
    Communicative method focuses on language as a medium of
    communication. It recognises that communication has a social
    purpose – learner which has something to say or find out.”
    Communication embraces a whole spectrum of functions and notions.
    The main principles of communicative approach include:
    1) goal of effective communication,
    2) learning language by using it to communicate,
    3) focus on meaning and appropriate usage,
    4) focus both on fluency and accuracy,
    5) use of authentic materials to reflect real life situation, and
    6) integration of four skills (speaking, writing, reading and listening)
    The Principle of teaching with oral
    anticipation
    The principle of Individualization
     This principle takes into account individual peculiarities of the learner, his
    background knowledge, what he knows, his spheres of interest, etc., i.e.
    cognitive styles. Cognitive styles have been defined as characteristic mental
    and psychological behaviours that “serve as relatively stable indicators of
    how learners perceive, interact with, and respond to the learning
    environment” 
    Here are some recommendations to implement the principle of individualization
    in FLT:
    1. Make up a methodological character of the class, describing all the pupils,
    their features and personal characteristics. This will greatly facilitate the
    management of instructional-educative process.
    2. Be careful to see how the pupils assimilate teaching material; help those who
    need your guidance, use differentiated tasks, handouts, and clues.
    Organize work in small groups, using the knowledge of each pupil to work
    together and get into contact to perform the task.
    The principle of Differentiation

     The principle of Integration and differentiation. When we


    teach any aspect of language, we form knowledge and
    skills in all aspects and types of speech activities. For
    example, when we teach vocabulary - we pronounce the
    words in different contexts and develop phonetic habits.
    The principle of Integration of teaching
    methods
    Curriculum integration
    can be described as an
    approach to teaching and
    learning that is based on
    both philosophy and
    practicality. ...
    Curriculum integration
    occurs when components
    of the curriculum are
    connected and related in
    meaningful ways by both
    the students and
    teachers.
    The principle of choosing optimal
    methods and ways of FLT
     Assure students at the beginning of the course that it is normal to make errors
    and that they need not be afraid to respond in class.
     Provide plenty of positive feedback. Even when responses are incorrect, look
    for ways to comment positively before correcting.
     Correct selectively and carefully so as not to intimidate students.
     Use pair work, group work and quick writing tasks to provide students with
    “thinking time” before conducting large-group activities.
     Arrange for students to meet with you during your office hours for short,
    individual conferences. Some students find this one-to-one situation less
    stressful than speaking in front of a group. Such meetings can also increase
    student-instructor rapport, which, in turn, may increase students’ comfort
    with participating in class.
     Encourage equal participation by all students, so more-advanced students
    don’t intimidate weaker students.
    The Principle of Educative Instruction
     Designing and developing instruction that is effective, consistent,
    and meaningful can be achieved by following principles for good
    practice. The principles presented here can help you be a more
    effective teacher which in turn will help students be more
    successful learners.
     1. Good Practice Encourages Contacts Between Students and Faculty
     2. Good Practice Develops Cooperation Among Students
     3. Good Practice Uses Active Learning Techniques
     4. Good Practice Gives Prompt Feedback
     5. Good Practice Emphasizes Time on Task
     6. Good Practice Communicates High Expectations
     7. Good Practice Respects Diverse Talents and Ways of Learning

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