Elective English 8: Sentence Structures

Elective English 8
Sentence Structures
*My family came to Germany in 2000.
Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence
Complex Sentence
Compound Complex
1. She runs everyday, so she is very fit.
2. Because she runs everyday, she is very fit.
3. You should start working a little harder or you are

going to fail your test.
4. European countries now use the Euro, but the United
Kingdom still uses the pound.
5. To build a doll’s house you need a wood, a hammer, a

saw , and lots of nails.
6.She failed the driving test because she didn’t look in

her mirror often enough.
8. When I go to the beach, I will bring my hat.
9. Although it was cold, we decided to go fishing as

planned.
10. You should read everyday if you want to improve

your English more quickly.
11. The new girl in our ESL class has a brother in grade 7
and a sister in grade 9.
12. I’m so pleased to attend to your party.
Independent Clause
Dependent Clause
Independent clause:
An independent clause can stand alone as a
sentence.
It contains a subject and a verb and is a complete

idea.
I like spaghetti.
He reads many books.
Dependent clause:
A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It
must be attached to an independent clause to become
complete.
This is also known as a subordinate clause.

Although I like spaghetti,…
Because he reads many books,…
Subject?
A person, animal, place, thing, or concept that does an
action.
Determine the subject in a sentence by asking the

question “Who or what?”
I like spaghetti.
He reads many books.

Verb
Expresses what the person, animal, place, thing, or
concept does.
Determine the verb in a sentence by asking the

question “What was the action or what happened?”
I like spaghetti.
He reads many books.
English Sentence Structure (?)
A sentence ends with punctuation (a period, a
question mark, or an exclamation point).
He obtained his degree.
A sentence contains a subject that is only given once.

Jairus obtained his degree.
A sentence contains a verb or a verb phrase.
A sentence follows Subject + Verb + Object word

order.
He (subject) obtained (verb) his degree (object).
*A sentence must have a complete idea that stands
alone.
This is also called an independent clause.
Simple Sentences
A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb.
 It may also have an object and modifiers. However, it

contains only one independent clause.
She completed her literature review.
He organized his sources by theme.
They studied APA rules for many hours.
Simple Sentence
I bought my friend some candy.
Compound Sentence (2 ind. clauses)
2 subjects and 2 predicates
We visited the beach and Jai got a really bad sunburn.
*Compound Sentences
A compound sentence contains at least
two independent clauses.
 These two independent clauses can be combined with

a comma
a coordinating conjunction
with a semicolon
*Examples of Conjunctions
Because- used to show reason
Although- to show two opposite statements
Whereas –contrast
But –to join two ideas that are opposite
Besides – means in addition

*
Yet -shows contrast
After- tells us about order
Unlike- different from
Therefore- effect of an action
Unless- except on the condition that
So- to show result
If- to show condition

She completed her literature review, and she
created her reference list.
He organized his sources by theme; then, he

updated his reference list.
They studied APA rules for many hours, but they

realized there was still much to learn.
*Complex Sentences
A complex sentence contains one independent clause and dependent clause
(starts with a conjunction)
Although she completed her literature review, she still needed to work on her
methods section.
When we buy his birthday cake, we have to make sure it’s lemon.
Although our tent was zipped up, the sound of hyenas in the forest still
frightened us.

Because he organized his sources by theme, it was easier
for his readers to follow.
Compound Complex Sentence
*A compound-complex sentence is comprised of at
least two independent clauses and one or more
dependent clauses.
2 ind. clauses
1 or more dependent clauses
Example: Though Michell prefers watching romantic

films, he rented the latest spy thriller, and he enjoyed
it very much.
Even though she was tired, Abby knew she had to
finish the race and she ran to meet her team.
Activity: Quiz no. 4
(Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound- Complex)
1. After considering all the options, my favorite rock

drummer of all time has to be John Weathers.
2. After the storm passed, I went outside and I picked
flowers.
3. The judge lowered her gavel, and the trial began.
4. Athena is the goddess of wisdom.
5. Jai spun the globe and Ian put her finger on a random
country.
Quiz Sentence Structure
6. Although they had cars, long distance travel was difficult
for early Americans and people just endured the strenuous
activity.
7. In those days, people travelled in stagecoaches and covered
wagons.
8. Long distance travel was possible, but it was not very fast
or comfortable.
9. Eventually railroads were built; tracks were laid across the
country and Americans enjoyed travelling in different
places.
10. Distant cities were connected, and people could
travel between them.
11. The growth of railroads changed the lives of many
Americans.
12. Americans found trains a pleasant alternative to
stagecoaches and wagons.
13. Railroads were popular for long journeys, and they
made short trips easier.
14.Because of their stressful lifestyle, workers moved out
of crowded cities and commuters used trains.
15. Family members moved across the country, but trains
reunited them.

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Elective English 8

2. Because she runs everyday, she is very fit.

3. You should start working a little harder or you are

5. To build a doll’s house you need a wood, a hammer, a

6.She failed the driving test because she didn’t look in

9. Although it was cold, we decided to go fishing as

10. You should read everyday if you want to improve

It contains a subject and a verb and is a complete

This is also known as a subordinate clause.

Determine the subject in a sentence by asking the

He reads many books.

Determine the verb in a sentence by asking the

A sentence contains a subject that is only given once.

A sentence follows Subject + Verb + Object word

 It may also have an object and modifiers. However, it

Compound Sentence (2 ind. clauses)

2 subjects and 2 predicates

 These two independent clauses can be combined with

Although- to show two opposite statements

But –to join two ideas that are opposite

Besides – means in addition

After- tells us about order

Unlike- different from

Therefore- effect of an action

Unless- except on the condition that

So- to show result

If- to show condition

He organized his sources by theme; then, he

They studied APA rules for many hours, but they

Example: Though Michell prefers watching romantic

1. After considering all the options, my favorite rock

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