Impact of COVID-19

A Critical review on social, economic,
community health, and political

implications of the coronavirus pandemic
(COVID-19).
Aboyitungiye Jean Baptiste-Burundi
Departement of economics and development studies, Faculty

of Economics& Business, Sebelas
Maret University, Jl Ir. Sutami 36 A Surakarta -Jawa Tengah,
57126 Indonesia
[email protected]
Preliminary issues and conceptual evidence of the
COVID-19 health crisis.
Entitled Black Swan Event by Renjen, (2020) and close to the
one that caused the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome) epidemic which killed 774 people worldwide in
2002-2003 :
 The COVID-19 pandemic, a global humanitarian crisis, has
existed for just a few short months and has quickly caused
immense human suffering.
 The pandemic is much more than a health crisis but also an

unprecedented socio-economic, and political crisis putting
pressure on each of the sector it affects.
 Various and unprecedented measures taken urgently, without

necessarily and everywhere being based on factual bases to
contain the epidemic have had social, economic, and political
repercussions in different parts of the world.
Transmission mechanisms of the effects of
COVID-19 on the well-being of households.
The figure demonstrates the intersection

of household-level health and well-being
vulnerabilities:
Vulnerable households have been

affected by a double shock resulting
from the direct consequences of the
pandemic in terms of health, but also the
indirect consequences in terms of socio-
economic impact linked to the
precautionary measures taken.
Mikolai et al.,(2020)
Source: Made by authors
Rate of infection with different
measures in place
In addition to its growth spread, surviving the crisis means

avoiding the rate of new infections as much as possible.
This can preclude overwhelming health services, keep the

impact on the economy at manageable levels, and save more
time to develop and manufacture effective vaccines, treatments,
and antiviral drug therapies.
Rate of infection with different measures in place
(Source: Imperial College London chart, March 2020.)
A Critical review -(COVID-19)
Based on a scientific review in Science and Social-

Humanities, we preliminary describe implications of COVID-19
and provide guidance on how to set rules, update policies,
construct contingency plans, and provide responses to handle
the social, economic, community health and political.
Highlight on offering specific policy recommendations,

we’ve looked at how countries can structure their rules to
address the challenge they face.
1.Social connectedness in the
COVID-19 crisis
We are all facing an event that disrupts our lifestyles:
The epidemic is affecting people’s social connectedness, their
trust in people and institutions, disconnection from social life
and a retreat to social isolation , as well as imposing a huge toll
in terms of anxiety and worry.
The physical distancing

COVID-19 cases show why the physical distancing measures are
helpful as a long haul.
Modeling from the University of Sydney suggests that:

(Source: University of Sydney-Chart ABC news story Lab,2020)
o If we maintain 90% compliance, the peak in the number of
new coronavirus cases should occur around now.
o If physical distancing measures are lifted too soon, or too

quickly; the result could be a rapid, potentially disastrous,
exponential rise in cases [the tail end of the chart-figure2].
2. Economic impacts of COVID-19
The world is witnessing an economic downfold that is affecting

everyone, but unevenly; it's asymmetric.
Economists have been turning their methods and models upside
down in an attempt to understand all it’s economic and social
consequences with multiple dimensions.
The economic impact will be felt through multiple channels and

a full recovery of the situation will take some time yet.
It will be necessary to wait until the end of 2021 for advanced economies to
recover the same level of GDP they had at the beginning of 2019.
Solid Lines are the April 2020 world economic outlook, dashed lines
IMF projection
from January 2020 World Economic Outlook Update.
The response needs to consider how to socialize the losses, how to prevent a Quarterly World GDP (Index 2019 Q1=100)
collapse of the financial sector, how to protect jobs and livelihoods, and how (Source: International Monetary Fund,2020)
to manage and divest the assets that will inevitably end up in the hands of the
state.
4. The political impact of COVID-19
Called as a transformational virus by the Australian Strategic

Policy Institute, the disease is more likely to weaken authorities’
ability to make decisions about both health issues and other
pressing crises.
 The strategic competition between the great powers has already pushed
the world into an undeclared third world war with modified dimensions
and instruments of war,
 Countries have struggled to communicate on the crisis risks,
 The global response has been shambolic and largely

uncoordinated,
 China has gone on the counter offensive at the international level: it

took advantage of an early exit from the crisis (in terms of health) to
promote its model of governance abroad with a mixture of seduction
and uninhibited brutality.
3. Community health impact of
COVID-19
Health systems have faced major challenges over the

previous months, leading to the response to COVID-19
According to the WHO 2020 and different reports,

 People who need treatment for diseases like cancer,
cardiovascular disease, and diabetes have not received the
health services and drugs they need since the start of the
COVID-19 pandemic,
 In the countries most affected by the pandemic patients with

Estimated COVID-19 health risks
COVID-19 saturate the health system,
(Source: Pedro Bordalo et Al.2020)
 The projected impacts for women and girls unable to access The evidence from the figure suggests Countries
modern contraceptives, including unintended pregnancies, affected by community-based transmission will
unsafe abortions, and maternal deaths, are staggering. likely need to implement multiple mitigation
measures to slow the spread of the virus and
reduce pressure on the health system.
Potential Crisis Mitigation
Measures
Moving forward in our new normal, decision-making by
individuals and stakeholders must be based on scientific
evidence of the pros and cons lived since the crisis.
Governments will need to work Places of decision-making should This could be done by relying on
with operations in more not be marginalized, but rather four processes:
comprehensive ways marked should be consolidated and better
by greater preparedness for equipped to guarantee greater  The strengthening of national
future pandemics. social cohesion and increase the sovereignty as a mobilizing
bond of trust between decision- force;
It’s about ; makers and their constituents.  The leave off practices
favoring profit without regard
 building a more resilient for humanitarian risks;
society,  The adoption of practices that
 a health system, promote de-globalization
 a stronger economy,  The enhancement of decisions
 and a more adaptive taken at the local and
government at all times. international level.

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A Critical review on social, economic,

community health, and political

Departement of economics and development studies, Faculty

 The pandemic is much more than a health crisis but also an

 Various and unprecedented measures taken urgently, without

The figure demonstrates the intersection

Vulnerable households have been

In addition to its growth spread, surviving the crisis means

This can preclude overwhelming health services, keep the

Based on a scientific review in Science and Social-

Highlight on offering specific policy recommendations,

The physical distancing

Modeling from the University of Sydney suggests that:

o If physical distancing measures are lifted too soon, or too

The world is witnessing an economic downfold that is affecting

The economic impact will be felt through multiple channels and

Called as a transformational virus by the Australian Strategic

 Countries have struggled to communicate on the crisis risks,

 The global response has been shambolic and largely

 China has gone on the counter offensive at the international level: it

Health systems have faced major challenges over the

According to the WHO 2020 and different reports,

 In the countries most affected by the pandemic patients with

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