Pollution: Leidy Viviana Castañeda Guerrero Julián Camilo García Dussan Leidy Yhohana Ortiz

POLLUTION
Leidy Viviana Castañeda Guerrero

Julián Camilo García Dussan
Leidy Yhohana Ortiz
Faculty of Engineering
Agricultural Engineering Program
Subject: Rural sanitation
¿What is pollution?
Pollution is the introduction of
harmful materials into the
environment, can be natural
also be created by human
activity.
Air pollution Land pollution Light pollution
Pollution is a global problem
although urban areas are
usually more polluted than the
countryside, pollution can
spread to remote places where
no people live.
Noise pollution Water pollution
Air pollution
Eruption of the
1. Natural disasters: Indonesian volcano of
Krakatoa in 1883
Natural disasters can also cause air Font: wikipedia
pollution increase quickly for
example volcanic eruptions. The
dimmer sky caused fewer crops to
be harvest.
Toxic cloud
developed
Volcanic gases such as sulfur over lake
dioxide can kill nearby residents and Nyos,
make the soil infertile for years. Cameroon
(1886)
2. Burning fosil fuels: Smog
Nitrogen oxide
Sulfur dioxide
Hydrocarbons
+
Sunligth
Coal Oil
Linfen, China
Acid rain
Natural Nitrogen oxide
Gasoline
gas Sulfur dioxide
Hydrocarbons
+
High concentrated Moisture
Carbon monoxide
3. Greenhouse gases: 1. MELTING ICE
• sea levels to rise at a rate
of 2 mm/year.
• Flood low-lying coastal
Carbon Regions.
dioxide Ex:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1cdCUZNh04
Methany 2. OCEAN ACIDIFICATION

Ocean waters absorbing CO2
From the atmosphere.
3. SEVERE STORMS
Droughts in some regions and
more flooding in others
GLOBAL WARMING
Human Activity
4. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS):
OZONE HOLE
Font: kidscorner/ozone.htm Font: nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00904-w

Water pollution
Pollution Visible Pollution Invisible
Some pollution water looks Some polluted water looks clean,
muddy, smells bad and has but is filled with harmful
garbage floating in it. chemicals you can´t see or smell.
Directly
Unsafe for drinking and swimming.
Fish that live in polluted water are unsafe to eat. Indirectly
The United Nations estimated that 4000 childrens die every day from drinking dirty water
1. Oil and natural gas:
Petroleum seeps Oil spills

On May 29, one of the
diesel tanks of the NTEK
thermal power plant, a
subsidiary of the mining
giant Norilsk Nickel,
collapsed, causing the
leakage of more than
20,000 tons of
hydrocarbons.
An image from the

European Space Agency
shows the extent of the
spill in the Arctic.
For example the Coal Oil Point (COP) seep off Photo: EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY / AFP https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=SkMhMSoftKA&feature=youtu.be
the coast U.S state of California
2. factories:
Toxic
environment for
acuatic life
Chemicals
Harmful algal bloom
EUTROPHICATION
Oil N
P NH3
Animal waste
Associated with
“dead zones” in the
Aquatic creatures lakes and rivers.
are sensitive to
Heat changes in
temperature
3. Mining and drilling:
4. Burned chemical waste:
If not disposed of properly,

radioactive waste from nuclear
power plants can scape into the
environment.
BOGOTÁ RIVER
5. Sewage:
¿WHAT GENERATES RIVER POLLUTION?
That has not been The industrial discharges of the tanneries of Villapinzón Cundinamarca
properly treated is a located 5 kilometers from the source. The lack of treatment plants that
make efficient management of their domestic waters and discharge
common source of water their waters in poor condition to the river, including Bogotá, generating
pollution 80% of the contamination. The remaining 20% is produced by
industries, extractive mining and rubble. The three vertimientos of
DBO Bogotá that affect the river leaving it anoxic and lifeless are Salitre,
Fucha and Tunjuelo. When the river reaches Bogotá it enters with a
pollution level 4 and when it receives the first discharge from the
P SS
Salitre river on Calle 80 it changes to level 8, thus remaining on its
course.
N
Font: https://www.car.gov.co/rio_bogota/vercontenido/5
Global parameters
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVPSAv-uVX8
6. Fertilizer used in Agriculture:
Caused eutrophization
Pesticides can
also seep into
groundwather.
N P Low oxygen levels, also

known as hypoxia, cause
Algal Bloom (cyanobacterias also
massive fish kills. called blue-Green algae).
7. Garbaje floating:
• Aquatic animals
such as fish and
Garbaje also fools
turtles mistake
the ocean:
trash with food.
• Can also pollute
• Are thrown the wáter
making it toxic
overboard from
for fish and
boats.
• The wind blows people.
trash out to sea.
• Ocean currents.
land pollution
Many of the same pollutants that foul
the water also harm the land. Mining
sometimes leaves the soil contaminated
with dangerous chemicals.
Pesticides and fertilizers from agricultural
fields are blown by the wind. They can
harm plants, animals, and sometimes
people. Some fruits and vegetables
absorb the pesticides that help them
grow.
A pesticide called DDT
(dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was
once commonly used to kill insects,
especially mosquitoes.
Swiss chemist Paul Hermann Muller
was awarded the Nobel Prize for his
understanding of how DDT can control
insects and other pests. DDT is
responsible for reducing malaria in
places such as Taiwan and Sri Lanka.
In 1962, American biologist Rachel Carson wrote a book called Silent
Spring, which discussed the dangers of DDT. She argued that it could
contribute to cancer in humans
But DDT didn’t disappear entirely. Today, many governments support
the use of DDT because it remains the most effective way to combat
malaria.
Trash is another form of land pollution
Sometimes, landfills are not
completely sealed off from the land
around them. Pollutants from the
landfill leak into the earth in which
they are buried. Plants that grow in the
earth may be contaminated, and the
herbivores that eat the plants also…
This process, where a chemical builds
up in each level of the food web, is
called bioaccumulation.
REDUCING POLLUTION
Around the world, people and

governments are making efforts to
combat pollution. Recycling, for
instance, is becoming more
common. In recycling, trash is
processed so its useful materials
can be used again.
https://www.rutanmedellin.org/images/biblioteca/observatoriocti/02_ENERGIA/VT_WASTE-TO-ENERGY_TECNNOVA.pdf
Austria and Switzerland have International agreements can also reduce
the highest recycling rates. pollution. The Kyoto Protocol, a United
These nations recycle between Nations agreement to limit the emission of
50 and 60 percent of their greenhouse gases, has been signed by
garbage. The United States 191 countries. The United States, the
recycles about 30 percent of its world’s second-largest producer of
garbage. greenhouse gases, did not sign the
agreement. Other countries, such as
China, the world’s largest producer of
greenhouse gases, have not met their
goals
The fire helped spur the Clean Water Act of 1972. This law limited what pollutants
could be released into water and set standards for how clean water should be.
But even as some rivers are becoming cleaner, others are becoming more polluted.
Reducing pollution requires environmental, political, and economic leadership.
Developed nations must work to reduce and recycle their materials, while
developing nations must work to strengthen their economies without destroying
the environment.
Ligth pollution Also called photopollution
Is the excess amount of light in the night sky, is

almost always found in urban areas. Light
pollution can disrupt ecosystems by confusing
the distinction between night and day.
Nocturnal animals, those that are active at
night, may venture out during the day, while
diurnal animals, which are active during
daylight hours, may remain active well into the
night.
Feeding and sleep patterns may be confused
Ligth pollution
The dark-sky movement
Is a campaign by people to reduce light

pollution.
This would reduce energy use, allow
ecosystems to function more normally,
and allow scientists and stargazers to
observe the atmosphere.
Noise pollution
Is the constant presence of loud,
disruptive noises in an area.
Usually, noise pollution is caused
by construction or nearby
transportation facilities, such as
airports.
Noise pollution
Is unpleasant, and can be dangerous.
Some songbirds, such as robins, are
unable to communicate or find food
in the presence of heavy noise
pollution.
The sound waves produced by some
noise pollutants can disrupt the sonar
used by marine animals to
communicate or locate food.

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POLLUTION

Leidy Viviana Castañeda Guerrero

Methany 2. OCEAN ACIDIFICATION

Font: kidscorner/ozone.htm Font: nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00904-w

Petroleum seeps Oil spills

An image from the

If not disposed of properly,

N P Low oxygen levels, also

Around the world, people and

Is the excess amount of light in the night sky, is

Is a campaign by people to reduce light

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