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    Cold Chain and Vaccine Management

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    abdisalaan hassan
    The cold chain system ensures the potency and safety of vaccines from manufacturer to point of use through proper storage and transport of vaccines within specified temperature ranges using various equipment from national depots down to health facilities. Proper vaccine management includes accurate stock records, temperature monitoring, handling and injection equipment to maintain vaccine quality until administration. Breaks in the cold chain can reduce vaccine effectiveness making maintenance of the cold chain critical for immunization programs.

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    Cold Chain and Vaccine Management

    Uploaded by

    abdisalaan hassan
    112 views20 pages
    The cold chain system ensures the potency and safety of vaccines from manufacturer to point of use through proper storage and transport of vaccines within specified temperature ranges using various equipment from national depots down to health facilities. Proper vaccine management includes accurate stock records, temperature monitoring, handling and injection equipment to maintain vaccine quality until administration. Breaks in the cold chain can reduce vaccine effectiveness making maintenance of the cold chain critical for immunization programs.

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    The cold chain system ensures the potency and safety of vaccines from manufacturer to point of use through proper storage and transport of vaccines within specified temperature ranges using various equipment from national depots down to health facilities. Proper vaccine management includes accurate stock records, temperature monitoring, handling and injection equipment to maintain vaccine quality until administration. Breaks in the cold chain can reduce vaccine effectiveness making maintenance of the cold chain critical for immunization programs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    112 views20 pages

    Cold Chain and Vaccine Management

    Uploaded by

    abdisalaan hassan
    The cold chain system ensures the potency and safety of vaccines from manufacturer to point of use through proper storage and transport of vaccines within specified temperature ranges using various equipment from national depots down to health facilities. Proper vaccine management includes accurate stock records, temperature monitoring, handling and injection equipment to maintain vaccine quality until administration. Breaks in the cold chain can reduce vaccine effectiveness making maintenance of the cold chain critical for immunization programs.

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    of 20

    COLD CHAIN AND

    VACCINE MANAGEMENT
    DR HODAN AHMED, MBBS, MMED,
    10/28/21
    DEPR OF PEDIATRICS,AMOUD MEDICAL SCHOOL, AU
    COLD CHAIN SYSTEM
    Manufacturer
    Cold chain = system of
    ensuring potency and
    safety of vaccines from
    the manufacturer to the National
    depot
    point of use.

    Region /
    Mobile strategy districts

    Outreach strategy

    2
    Health facility
    Cold chain elements
     Human resource
     Materials/ equipment
     Transport
     Financial resources
     Norms and standards
    Types of cold chain equipment

    Equipment Used in Cold Chain must


    meet standards set by WHO and
    UNICEF
    Can generally be classified into two
    main groups as fast and slow chain
    equipment.
    Cold chain options

    Two principal options:


     “Slow cold chain”: Equip each immunization unit
    with equipment for long vaccine storage duration
     “Fast cold chain”: Provide means of transport for
    frequent supplies to the immunization units
    Vaccine stock management
     Vaccine stock management
     Too much vaccine in the cold chain
     Too little vaccine in the cold chain
     Check records continuously
     Vaccine stock records
     Accurate vaccine ordering depends on knowing the
    quantity of vaccines that are in the store
     Ordering should be based on physical count of the
    stock rather than on records alone.
    Vaccine arrival
     Successful arrival from international sources may interfere
     Shipment through airports that lack cold rooms
     Consignment to the wrong party
     Shipment of the wrong vial sizes
     Shipment of the wrong quantity of vaccines and diluents
     Shipment of vaccines that are due to expire soon
     Arrival of vaccines on weekends and holidays
     Shipment of vaccines without advance notification, sufficient
    ice packs, cold chain monitors, customs clearance documents
    Vaccine arrival
     Shipment should include a blank vaccine arrival
    report (VAR) form
     It is filled by the individual responsible for
    monitoring vaccine arrival and storage
    Temperature monitoring
     Keeping vaccines at the right temperature
     Different Vaccines have different storage
    requirements
    Vaccine time limit and storage conditions

    Vaccines National / regional Districts level Health centers


    depots Up to 6 Up to 3 months, Up to 1 month,
    months (Electricity)
    (Electricity) (electricity or gas)
    OPV – 150 C to – 250 C
    + 20 C to + 80 C
    Measles, BCG – 150 C to – 250 C
    and YF Or + 20 C to + 80 C

    DPT + Hep B / + 20 C to + 80 C
    Hib & TT
    Room Temp. Cool to
    Diluent Room Temperature same temp as vaccines
    a day before use
    Characteristics of vaccines
    More sensitive to heat

    Sensitivities: OPV

    Heat: OPV, Measles, YF Measles


    YF
    Freezing: DPT-HepB / Hib, BCG
    TT
    Light: BCG, Measles TT , DPT-HepB / Hib

    More sensitive to light Less sensitive to heat

    BCG More sensitive to freezing


    Measles Sensitivity to DPT-HepB/Hib
    light

    TT

    Less sensitive to light Less sensitive to freezing


    Temperature monitoring devices
     Health workers should record the temperature of the vaccine
    refrigerator twice daily.
     Managers and supervisors should review the temperature charts
     Different types of thermometers, thermo recorders, and
    chemical indicators are used to monitor vaccine temperatures
     Vaccine vial monitors(VVM)- sensitive to heat..OPV vs TT
     Vaccine cold chain monitor card(CCM)- Has heat sensitive colour
    indicator that records temperature during transport and storage.
     Freeze watch- Bursts and releases blue colour at temp <0
     Temperature data logger- stores data that can be downloaded
     Shake test
    Vaccine vial monitor

     USE VIAL WHEN THE SQUARE IS


    WHITE (stage 1) OR LIGHTER
    THAN THE CIRCLE (stage 2).

     DISCARD VIAL WHEN THE


    SQUARE IS AS DARK AS THE
    CIRCLE (stage 3) OR DARKER
    THAN THE CIRCLE (stage 4).
    Storage equipment
     Equipment must meet WHO specifications
     Factors to consider when purchasing equipment
     Same type and models of equipment
     Cost of spare parts, repairs
     Fuel/ source of power
     Size of the freezing compartments
     Storage capacity
     Supply interval
     Cold rooms
     Used for storage of large quantities of vaccines
     Found at the national and regional levels
     24 hour temp monitors, alarms and back up automatic generators
     It would be more economical to build cold-rooms at the district level
     Packing is done neatly, in order of expiry dates, adequate spacing
    Storage equipment
     Freezers and Refrigerators
     Used in regional, district and central stores
     Freezers are used for storing ice packs and storing certain
    vaccines....
     Other vaccines are stored in the refrigerator
     Cold boxes and vaccine carriers
     Cold boxes are used for transporting vaccines, temporary
    storage when refrigerators are out of order or are being
    defrosted
     Vaccine carriers are more portable and used for carrying
    vaccines to smaller health facilities
    Refrigerators and freezers
    Transportation of vaccines and diluents
    Cold boxes and vaccine carriers are
    insulated containers that can be lined with
    ice packs to keep vaccines and diluents cold

    Ice packs

    Vaccine cold box Vaccine carrier


    Common terminologies
     Hold over time:

    This is the time it takes for a cold generating equipment, incase of power
    failure to have the warmest part of it reaching +10 0C.

     Cold life:

    This is the time it takes for the warmest part of a cold box or vaccine carrier to
    reach +10 0C.

     Reverse Cold Chain:

    This is used on surveillance for collection of stool specimen for Acute Flaccid
    Paralysis (AFP) and blood serum for measles.
    Vaccine handling
     Proper handling constitutes
     Correct packing and storing of vaccines and diluents
     Correct reconstitution of freeze-dried vaccines
     Packing vaccines in cold boxes and carriers
     Freeze sensitive vaccines
     Storing the diluent
     Should be stored at + 2 to + 8 or at room temperature
     Should not be frozen
     Thermal shock
     Reconstitution
     Sterile Syringe and needle
     Use only diluent from the manufacturer
     Once reconstituted the vial should be wrapped and put on ice
     After 6 hours or the end of the session discard the reconstituted vaccine
    Injection equipment
     Auto-disable syringes
     Disposable injection device that is specifically made to prevent re-use
     More costly than other types
     WHO-UNICEF CHOICE administering vaccines
     Standard disposable syringes
     Intended for use once but can be reused
     Re-use places the public at risk
     WHO-UNICEF recommend not to be used for vaccination
     Prefilled, single dose, non-reusable syringes
     Package the vaccine, syringe and needle together
     Ensures client gets the correct amount of vaccine
     Can be used to deliver heat stable vaccines in hard to reach areas beyond the cold chain
     Sterilisable syringes and needles
     Consists of plastic syringes and steel needles designed for reuse after sterilization
     They are being phased out of immunization programs

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