Topic 6.1-Circular motion: Formulae =2π/T F=mv /r=m  r

Formulae
Topic 6.1- Circular motion =2π/T

F=mv2/r=m2r
1. In the following examples name the force that is providing the centripetal force and draw it
on the diagram.
(a) A runner running round a circular track.
(b) A car on a rollercoaster.
2. A 2kg mass travels in a circle of radius 50cm. If the time for one revolution is 2s calculate:
(a) The angular velocity of the mass
(b) The centripetal acceleration of the mass
(c) The centripetal force of the mass
3. A ball rolls around the inside of a vertical cylinder as shown. Indentify the force that stops it
from falling down.
1
Formulae
F=mv2/r=m2r
Conceptual Questions
1. Sometimes people say that water is removed from clothes in a spin-dryer by centrifugal force
throwing the water outward. What is wrong with this statement?
2. A girl is whirling a ball on a string around her head in a horizontal plane. She wants to let go at
precisely the right time so that the ball will hit a target on the other side of the yard. When should
she let go of the string?
3. A bucket of water can be whirled in a vertical circle without the water spilling out, even at the top
of the circle when the bucket is upside-down. Explain.
2
Formulae
F=mv2/r=m2r
Calculation-based Questions
1. Calculate the centripetal acceleration of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun, and the net force
exerted on the Earth. What exerts this force on the Earth? Assume that the Earth’s orbit is a circle
of radius 1.5x1011m. You may need to look other constants up on the Internet or data booklet.
2. A horizontal force of 210N is exerted on a 2.0kg discus as it rotates uniformly in a horizontal circle
(at arm’s length) of radius 0.90m. Calculate the speed of the discus.
3. Suppose the space shuttle in orbit 400km from the Earth’s surface, and circles the Earth about once
every 90 minutes. Find the centripetal acceleration of the space shuttle in its orbit. Express your
answer in terms of g, the gravitational acceleration at the Earth’s surface. You may need to look up
some other constants on the Internet.
3
4. A flat puck (mass M) is rotated in a circle on a frictionless air-hockey tabletop, and is held in its orbit
by a light cord connected to a dangling block (mass m) through a central hole as shown below.
Show that the speed of the puck is given by
5. A 0.45kg ball, attached to the end of a horizontal cord, is rotated in a circle of radius 1.3m on a
frictionless horizontal surface. If the cord will break when the tension in it exceeds 75N, what is the
maximum speed the ball can have?
4
Topic 6.2- Gravitational field Formulae
F=GMm/r2
G=6.7x10-
11
m3kg-1s-2
1. State Newton’s universal law of gravity.
2. Two masses are positioned as shown in the diagram.
Calculate the Force on the red one.
3. Define gravitational field strength.
4. Given that the mass of the moon is about 1/80 of the earth and its radius is ¼ estimate the
acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the moon.
5
Topic 6.2- Gravitational field Formulae
F=GMm/r2
G=6.7x10-
11
m3kg-1s-2
Conceptual Questions
1. Does an apple exert a gravitational force on the Earth? If so, how large a force? Consider an apple
attached to the tree and also falling.
2. Will an object weigh more at the equator or at the poles? Explain.
Calculation Based
3. Calculate the force of Earth’s gravity on a spacecraft 12,800km (2 Earth radii) above the Earth’s
surface if its mass is 1350kg.
4. At the surface of a certain planet, the gravitational acceleration g has a magnitude of 12m/s2. A
21.0kg brass ball is transported to this planet. What is:
a. The mass of the brass ball on the Earth and on the planet.
b. The weigh of the brass ball on the Earth and on the planet.
6
5. A hypothetical planet has a radius 1.5 times that of the Earth, but has the same mass. What is the
acceleration due to gravity near the surface? (Hint: use your data booklet or the Internet to find the constants).
6. In the diagram shown, two point particles are fixed on an x-axis separated by a distance d. Particle
A has mass mA and particle B has mass 3.00mA. A third particle C, of mass 75.0mA is to be placed on the axis
and near particles A and B. In terms of distance d, at what x-coordinate should C be placed so that
the net gravitational force on particle A from particles B and C is zero?
7. (a) What will an object weigh on the Moon’s surface if it weights 100N on the Earth’s surface? (b)
How many Earth radii must this same object be from the centre of the Earth if it is to weigh the
same as it does on the Moon?
7
8. Two concentric spherical shells with uniformly distributed masses M1 and M2 are situated as
shown in the diagram. Find the magnitude of the net gravitational force on a particle of mass m,
due to the shells, when the particle is located at radial distance (a) a, (b) b and (c) c.

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Topic 6.1- Circular motion =2π/T

(b) A car on a rollercoaster.

(b) The centripetal acceleration of the mass

(c) The centripetal force of the mass

1. State Newton’s universal law of gravity.

2. Two masses are positioned as shown in the diagram.

Calculate the Force on the red one.

3. Define gravitational field strength.

2. Will an object weigh more at the equator or at the poles? Explain.

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