Stoichiometry Part

1
Presented by:
Jessica Louise O. Galutera
MASE
 Learning Targets:
At the end of the report, you can:
• define mole and its uses to Chemistry;
• convert different stoichiometric conversions involving mole
• differentiate formula weight and molecular weight;
• compute for the formula weight and molecular weight of
some common compounds;
• solve for percentage composition; and
• express the empirical and molecular formula of compounds.
TABLE 01 Stoichiometry
OF Ovrview: definition

CONTEN 02 Mole Concept

TS Definition and some Stoichiometric
Conversion
Formula Weight, Molecular Weight,
03 and Percentage Composition
Definition and Ways to Compute

Empirical and Molecular

04 Formula
Definition and Ways to Compute
Stoichiomet • Branch of Chemistry that
deals with numerical
ry relationships of elements
and compounds.
• Mathematical or
numerical relationships of
reactants and products in
a chemical reaction
 Unraveling the Puzzle: Who am I?
               
   

A  
______
V  
______
O G 
______ ______
A  
______
D
______
R  
______
O  
______

I am an eight-letter word. I am a 1. A negative ion

huge number and I am in charge of 2. The outermost electron
3. Element with atomic number 8
this unit’s discussion. For you to 4. Examples are hydrogen, helium, oygen
find out who I am, you need to 5. Number of identity of an atom
answer the questions on the right. 6. Sublevel with 5 orbitals
The initial letter of the answers will 7. Movement of gas molecules
8. Rule that states that atoms must have 8
give you the clue to help you solve electrons
the puzzle.
 Amedeo
Avogadro
• Italian scientist whose work led to
determination of value
• 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 or
602 heptillion particles
• Avogadro’s Constant (NA)

Refers to the number of particles of

6.02 x 10 23
an atom or molecule in one mole.
 • Amount of substance containing
the Avogadro’s number (N) in
Mole any chemical unit
• Number of atoms in exactly 12
grams of isotope Carbon-12.
• Unit used is mol
I dozen of eggs = 12
pcs. 1 ream of bond paper = 500 pcs.
Twin = 2 persons
 When I say I have… It means, I have…
1 mole of burgers 6.02 x 1023 Burgers
1 mole of Helium atoms 6.02 x 1023 Helium atoms
5 moles of Helium atoms 5 x (6.02x1023) = 30.1 x
1023  3 x 1024 Helium
atoms
0.25 moles of C atoms 1.5 x 1023 Carbon atoms
Atomic • is the mass of the atom.
• Can be found in periodic table
Mass • Unit: amu (atomic mass unit)
Atomic Chemical
Name
Chemical
Symbol
Atomic
Mass (amu)
Mass 1. Hydrogen H 1
2. Carbon C 12
3. Nitrogen N 14
4. Oxygen O 16
Avogadro’s Number and Mass of a
Single Atom
• To calculate the mass of a single atom, first
look up the atomic mass of carbon from the 
periodic table and divide it to Avogadro’s
constant.
• mass of 1 atom / 1 atom = mass of a mole
of atoms / 6.022 x 1023 atoms
Example:
mass of 1 C atom = 12.01 g / 6.022 x 1023 C
atoms
mass of 1 C atom = 1.994 x 10-23 g
Avogadro’s Number and Mass of a
Single Molecule

• If you want to use the relation to

solve for the mass of a single
molecule, you need to add up the
masses of all of the atoms in that
one molecule and use them instead.
Avogadro’s Number and Mass of a
Single Molecule
Example:
Forming a water molecule gives you a mass of:
1.01 + 1.01 + 16.00 = 18.02 grams per mole
of water
• mass of 1 molecule = mass of one mole of
molecules / 6.022 x 1023
• mass of 1 water molecule = 18.02 grams
per mole / 6.022 x 1023 molecules per
mole
mass of 1 water molecule = 2.992 x 10-
23
 • It is the mass of a given
substance (g) divided by the
Molar amount of substance (mol).
Mass • Expressed in grams per mole
(g/mol) or units (u)

Example:
Hydrogen has 1 amu for
atomic mass.
It has 1 g/mol for molar
mass.
 • It is the mass of a given
substance divided by the
Molar amount of substance.
Mass • Expressed in grams per mole
(g/mol) or units (u)

How about…
Sulfur?
Fluorine?
 • Sum of molar masses of all
Formula atoms in the formula.
• Expressed in grams per
Weight mole (g/mol or u).
• Sum of molar masses of all
atoms in a molecule
Molecula (covalently bonded
compounds).
r Weight • Expressed in grams per mole
(g/mol or u).
Example
s:
What is the Formula Weight of Sodium
Chloride?

22.990 g/mol + 35.453g/mol = 58.443 g/mol

Example
s:
What is the Formula Weight of Calcium
Chloride? Molar Mass:
Calcium:
40.078 g/mol
Chlorine:
35.453 g/mol x 2 =
70.906 g/mol

40.078 g/mol + 70.906 g/mol= 110.984 g/mol

Example
s:
What is the Molecular Weight of Ammonia?
Molar Mass:
Nitrogen:
14.01 g/mol
Chlorine:
1 g/mol x 3 = 3
g/mol
14.01 g/mol + 3 g/mol = 17.01 g/mol
 Example
s:
What is the Molecular Weight of Glucose?
Molar Mass:
Carbon:
12.01 g/mol x 6 = 72.06 g/mol
Hydrogen:
1 g/mol x 12 = 12 g/mol
Oxygen:
16 g/mol x 6 = 96 g/mol
72.06 g/mol + 12 g/mol + 96 g/mol = 180.06 g/mol
 Stoichiometric Conversions

1. Moles to Number of Particles

2. Mass to Number of Particles
3. Mole to Mass
 Mole to Number of Particles
1. Identify the given. Use formula:
 
number of particles n x N
Where:
• n is number of moles
• N is Avogadro’s number

2. Simply multiply to 6.02x1023

 Mole to Number of Particles
1. Identify the given and multiply to
Avogadro’s Number.
● Q: How many molecules will be
there in 6.2 moles of nitrogen
trifluoride (NF3)?
● Identify the given.
● 6.2 moles x (6.02 x 1023) particles or
molecules
● 3.7 x 1024 molecules of NF3
Problem # 1

How many atoms of Gold are there

in 17.03 moles?

1.025 x 1025 atoms of Au

Problem # 2

How many moles of carbon

atoms are in 4.72 × 1024 atoms
of carbon?

7.84 mol of C
Problem # 3

How many moles of

Magnesium hydroxide are
there in 7.375 x 1024
molecules?

12.25 mol of Mg(OH)2

 Mass to Number of Particles
1. Identify given. Use mole formula to get number of
moles. Solve for number of particles.
 
 Mass to Number of Particles
1. Identify given. Use mole formula to get number of
moles. Multiply to Avogadro’s Number
● Q: How many molecules will there be in 22.2
grams of laughing gas (NO2)?
● Given:
● Asked:
● Solve for # of moles.
 Mass to Number of Particles
● Identify given. Use mole formula to get number of
moles. Multiply to Avogadro’s Number
● Q: How many molecules will there be in 22.2 grams
of laughing gas (NO2)?
● 22.2 grams ÷ 46 g/mol = 0.48 moles
● 0.48 moles x 6.02 x 1023 particles or molecules =
● 2.91 x 1023 molecules of NO2
Problem # 2

How many molecules of Chlorine are

there in 20.0 g of Chlorine gas (Cl 2)?

1.72 x 1023 molecules of Cl2

 Mole to Mass
Use mole formula.
Q: How many grams will 4 moles of MgO produce?
Mg=23.305 amu (atomic mass)
 
 Mole to Mass
Q: How many grams will 4 moles of MgO
produce?

Molar mass: 39.305 g/mol

Number of moles: 4
Solution:
m = mm x n
m = 39.305 g/mol x 4 mol
m = 157.22 grams
Let’s Compute!
Q: How many grams will 3.25 moles of
Aspirin will have?
C9H8O4 (Carbon = 12, H=1, O=16)
Molar Mass of One Mole of Aspirin: 180
g/mol
 Percentage
Composition
Percentage
• Refers to the percent by mass
Compositio of an element present in a
n compound.
Percentage
Compositio Law of Conservation of Mass:

n • Formulated by Antoine Lavoisier

(Father of Modern Chemistry)
• In a chemical reaction, the total
mass of reactants is equal to total
mass of products
• Amount of matter in the universe
is constant.
 Steps in computing for the Percentage
Composition:
1. Find molar mass of each element and the molar
mass of compound
2. Divide the subtotal for each element’s mass by the
molar mass
3. Multiply by 100 to convert to a percentage
Calculating the Percentage Composition:
Example:

USE the following

atomic masses:
H = 1.01 amu
O = 16 amu

Note the %’s should add up to 100% total

 Calculating the Percentage Composition:
Example: C12H12O11

USE the following

atomic masses:
H = 1.01 amu
O = 16 amu
C = 12.01 amu
Example: Note the %’s should add up to 100% total
Empirica • Formula of substance written
l with lowest whole number
ratio; only shows relative
Formula amounts or proportion of
elements present

Molecula • Same with chemical formula

r but involves molecules; shows
the real number of atoms
Formula • Said to be the true formula
Empirica
l
Formula
Molecula
r
Formula
 Steps in calculating for the Empirical
Formula:
1. Convert the percent composition to an actual mass
(in g). Percent means part per 100. Assume that the
compound is 100 g.
Ex. Assume that a 100 g sample of a compound with 30.06%
of Oxygen and 69.94% of Iron was analyzed in a laboratory.

30.06% O = 30.06g O
69.94% Fe = 69.94g Fe
 Steps in calculating for the Empirical
Formula:
2. Convert the mass of each element to moles of that
element (by dividing it to its molar mass).
 Steps in calculating for the Empirical
Formula:
3. Find the whole number ratio of the moles of
the different elements by dividing all the
moles of the elements by the smallest number
*Multiply
of moles.the number of moles of the element to
the same smallest whole number that will
convert them into whole numbers.
Fe = 1 x 2 = 2
O = .1.5 x 2 = 3

Therefore the empirical formula is

.
 Steps in calculating for the Empirical
Formula:
1. Convert the percent composition to an actual
mass (in g). Percent means part per 100. Assume
that the compound is 100 g.
Ex. Hydrocyanic acid
44.4
3
 Steps in calculating for the Empirical
Formula:
2. Convert the mass of each element to moles of that
element (by dividing it to its molar mass).

.
 Steps in calculating for the Empirical
Formula:
3. Find the whole number ratio of the moles of the different
elements by dividing all the moles of the elements by the
smallest number of moles.
H = 3.693 mol / 3.693 mol = 1.00
C = 3.699 mol / 3.693 mol = 1.00
N = 3.700 mol / 3.693 mol = 1.00
Ratio is 1:1:1
Therefore the empirical formula is .
 Steps in calculating for the Molecular
Formula:
• Obtained by multiplying a subscript of empirical
formula by a number (x) which corresponds to the
ratio of the molar mass of the compound (g/mol)
and mass of one empirical unit (g/emp.unit)
 From the previous example, we already
know it has 1 ratio: HCN
• What is the molecular formula of a hydrocyanic
acid with a molar mass of 54.06 grams?

Empirical Mass = 27.03 g/emp.unit

Divide molar mass by empirical mass.

• Multiply each of the components of HCN with the

multiplier of 2 g/emp. units
• Therefore the molecular formula is:
Calculating the Molecular Formula:
• A certain compound has been analyzed to
have an empirical formula of NH2 and has a
molecular mass of 32.06 g/mol. What is its
molecular formula?
1. Compute for the Empirical Mass of the molecule.

Empirical Mass = 16.03 g/mol

Divide molar mass by empirical mass.

2. Multiply each of the components of NH2 with the

multiplier of 2.
• Therefore, the molecular formula is:
Activity will be sent in our GC!