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    Classification of Organisms

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    G GayathriBSC BT
    The document discusses the classification of organisms, from the original system developed by Carl Linnaeus to modern phylogenetic classification systems. It explains that organisms are classified based on their physical and genetic similarities and assigned scientific names. Modern classification systems recognize 5 or 6 kingdoms, including Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. An example classification of the leopard is also provided.

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    Classification of Organisms

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    G GayathriBSC BT
    40 views13 pages
    The document discusses the classification of organisms, from the original system developed by Carl Linnaeus to modern phylogenetic classification systems. It explains that organisms are classified based on their physical and genetic similarities and assigned scientific names. Modern classification systems recognize 5 or 6 kingdoms, including Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. An example classification of the leopard is also provided.

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    The document discusses the classification of organisms, from the original system developed by Carl Linnaeus to modern phylogenetic classification systems. It explains that organisms are classified based on their physical and genetic similarities and assigned scientific names. Modern classification systems recognize 5 or 6 kingdoms, including Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. An example classification of the leopard is also provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    40 views13 pages

    Classification of Organisms

    Uploaded by

    G GayathriBSC BT
    The document discusses the classification of organisms, from the original system developed by Carl Linnaeus to modern phylogenetic classification systems. It explains that organisms are classified based on their physical and genetic similarities and assigned scientific names. Modern classification systems recognize 5 or 6 kingdoms, including Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. An example classification of the leopard is also provided.

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    of 13

    Classification of

    Organisms
    Mincer/Scully
    Why Classify?
    • To make it easier to study life!
    • Taxonomy- the assigning of a
    universally accepted name to a
    species.
    • Binomial nomenclature- An
    organism’s classification is based on
    its Genus and species names. The
    Genus is ALWAYS capitalized, and the
    species name is NEVER capitalized.
    – E.g. Homo sapiens (humans), Odocoileus
    virginianus (Whitetailed deer)
    Linnaeus
    • We use a system today that was originally
    created by Carl Linnaeus.
    • Linnaeus- (1707-1778) A botanist who
    created a classification system of
    organisms based on their physical
    similarities with each other.
    • Originally, Linnaeus only had two
    Kingdoms, or major categories-Plant and
    Animal.
    Linnaean System
    • King Phillip Came Over For
    Grasshopper Soup
    • Kingdom
    – Phylum
    • Class
    – Order
    » Family
    » Genus
    » Species
    Linnaeus vs. Modern
    Classification
    • Linnaeus • Modern
    – 2 Kingdoms – 5 or 6 kingdoms
    – Based on physical – Based on physical
    similarities similarities AND
    – Uses only biologists genetic similarities
    observations and – Uses observations,
    knowledge of knowledge of
    organisms organisms,
    molecular clocks,
    and other genetic
    techniques
    Modern Classification
    • Five Kingdom System: Older system,
    lumps all prokaryotic species into one
    kingdom: Monera
    Animal Plant Protist Fungi Monera
    Six Kingdom Classification
    • Keeps Animal, Plant, Fungi and
    Protista, and splits Monera into two
    Kingdoms:
    – Eubacteria-normal everyday prokaryotes
    found on Earth
    – Archeabacteria- prokaryotes that are
    only found in extreme environmental
    conditions, like in a salty lake, or in
    extreme temperatures; also called
    extremophiles.
    Three Domains: Six Kingdoms
    • Eukarya • Bacteria • Archea
    – Animal – Eubacteria – Archeabacteria
    – Plant • Peptidoglycan • No
    in the cell peptidoglycan
    – Fungi walls in the cell walls
    – Protista
    Prokaryotic Prokaryotic
    All have single celled single celled
    organisms organisms organisms that
    made of live in extreme
    eukaryotic environments
    cells
    An Example of Classification
    • The Leopard: Panthera pardus
    Fungi
    • All members are heterotrophic (they
    have to eat other organisms for their
    food)
    • Most are multicellular, and secrete
    digestive enzymes into their food
    source, then absorb the smaller food
    molecules
    • Mushrooms are most common
    Protista
    • “Junk” drawer Kingdom
    • Mostly unicellular eukaryotic organisms,
    but some multicellular, like kelp.
    • VERY diverse array of organisms, from
    diatoms to algae.
    • Some are autotrophs (make own food)
    and some are heterotrophs.
    Dichotomous Keys
    • In the field, biologists use dichotomous
    keys to identify organisms.
    • Dichotomous key-A chart that identifies
    organisms based on their characteristics.
    Its used by excluding organisms based
    on their OBSERVABLE features.

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