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    Polycythemi A: Presented By: Palaran, Nina Mae C

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    Jichutreasure
    This document discusses polycythemia, which is an increased volume of red blood cells. It can be either primary or secondary. Primary polycythemia, also known as polycythemia vera, is a disorder of the bone marrow stem cells that results in elevated red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet counts. Secondary polycythemia is caused by an excessive production of erythropoietin in response to factors like smoking or living at a high altitude. Symptoms include headaches and increased risk for blood clots. Diagnosis involves blood tests and bone marrow tests. Treatment involves phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to suppress the bone marrow, and managing complications like risks for blood clots

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    Polycythemi A: Presented By: Palaran, Nina Mae C

    Uploaded by

    Jichutreasure
    68 views16 pages
    This document discusses polycythemia, which is an increased volume of red blood cells. It can be either primary or secondary. Primary polycythemia, also known as polycythemia vera, is a disorder of the bone marrow stem cells that results in elevated red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet counts. Secondary polycythemia is caused by an excessive production of erythropoietin in response to factors like smoking or living at a high altitude. Symptoms include headaches and increased risk for blood clots. Diagnosis involves blood tests and bone marrow tests. Treatment involves phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to suppress the bone marrow, and managing complications like risks for blood clots

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    POLYCYTHEMIA (1)

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    This document discusses polycythemia, which is an increased volume of red blood cells. It can be either primary or secondary. Primary polycythemia, also known as polycythemia vera, is a disorder of the bone marrow stem cells that results in elevated red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet counts. Secondary polycythemia is caused by an excessive production of erythropoietin in response to factors like smoking or living at a high altitude. Symptoms include headaches and increased risk for blood clots. Diagnosis involves blood tests and bone marrow tests. Treatment involves phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to suppress the bone marrow, and managing complications like risks for blood clots

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    68 views16 pages

    Polycythemi A: Presented By: Palaran, Nina Mae C

    Uploaded by

    Jichutreasure
    This document discusses polycythemia, which is an increased volume of red blood cells. It can be either primary or secondary. Primary polycythemia, also known as polycythemia vera, is a disorder of the bone marrow stem cells that results in elevated red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet counts. Secondary polycythemia is caused by an excessive production of erythropoietin in response to factors like smoking or living at a high altitude. Symptoms include headaches and increased risk for blood clots. Diagnosis involves blood tests and bone marrow tests. Treatment involves phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to suppress the bone marrow, and managing complications like risks for blood clots

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    POLYCYTHEMI

    PRESENTED BY:

    PALARAN, NINA MAE C.


    What is Polycythemia?
    • Polycythemia is an increased volume of red
    blood cells (erythrocytes).
    • The hematocrit is elevated by more than 55% in
    men or more than 50% in women.
    • It is classified as either primary or secondary.

    Normal blood Polycythemia


    smear
    POLYCYTHEMIA VERA (PRIMARY)

    • Polycythemia vera, or primary polycythemia,


    is a proliferative disorder of the myeloid stem
    cells.
    • The bone marrow is hypercellular, and the
    erythrocyte, leukocyte, and platelet counts in
    the peripheral blood are elevated.
    SECONDARY POLYCYTHEMIA

    • It is caused by an excessive production of


    erythropoietin.
    • This may occur in response to a reduced amount of
    oxygen, which acts as a hypoxic stimulus, as in
    cigarette smoking, COPD, or cyanotic heart disease, or
    in non pathologic conditions such as living at a high
    altitude.
    • Can also occur as a result from certain
    hemoglobinopathies or neoplasm, such as renal cell
    carcinoma.
    CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    • Patients typically have a ruddy complexion and
    splenomegaly.
    • Symptoms results from increased blood volume (e.g
    Headache, dizziness, tinnitus, fatigue, paresthesias, and
    blurred vision)
    • Increased blood viscocity (e.g Angina, claudication,
    dyspnea, and thrombophlebitis, embolism)
    • Blood pressure and uric acid are often elevated
    • Generalized pruritus
    • Erythromelalgia (a burning sensation in the fingers and
    toes)
    Complications

    • Risk for Thrombosis


    - Cerebrovascular accident(CVA) - Brain Attack
    & Stroke
    - Myocardial Infarction
    • Bleeding
    Diagnostic Procedure
    • Blood test (Complete Blood
    Count)
    • Bone marrow aspiration or biopsy
    • Specific gene testing
    Medical Management

    1. Periodic
    Phlebotomy
    - to reduce blood viscosity
    and deplete iron stores
    - Done to remove extra red
    blood cells from the blood
    (500ml once or twice
    weekly)
    Pharmacologic Management
    1. Chemotherapeutic agents (e.g.hydroxyurea)
    - are used to suppress marrow function (may increase risk
    for leukemia).

    2. Anagrelide (Agrylin)
    - used to inhibit platelet aggregation and control the
    thrombocytosis related to polycythemia.

    3. Interferon alpha-2b (Intron-A)


    - most effective treatment for managing the pruritus
    associated with polycythemia vera.
    Pharmacologic Management
    4. Antihistamines
    - administered to control pruritus

    5. Allopurinol
    - used to prevent gouty attacks when the uric acid level is
    elevated.
    NURSING MANAGEMENT
    • Assess risk factors for thrombotic complications and
    teach patient to recognize signs and symptoms of
    thrombosis.
    • Discourage sedentary behavior, crossing the legs,
    and wearing tight or restrictive clothing (particularly
    stockings) to reduce the likelihood of DVT.
    • Advise patient to avoid aspirin and medications
    containing aspirin (if patient has a history of
    bleeding).
    NURSING MANAGEMENT
    • Suggest a cool or tepid bath for pruritus, along
    with cocoa butter–based lotions and bath
    products to relieve itching or a sodium
    bicarbonate dissolved in water.
    • Advise patient to minimize alcohol intake and
    avoid iron and vitamins containing iron.
    • Advise patient to aat well-balanced meals
    complete with fresh fruits and vegetables,
    whole grains, lean protein, and low-fat dairy.
    Reference

    ● Smeltzer, S. C., Bare, B. G., Hinkle, J. L., & Cheever, K. H. (2010).


    Brunner and Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing
    (12th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

    ● https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-
    terms/def/phlebotomy#:~:text=(fleh%2DBAH%2Dtoh
    %2D,called%20blood%20draw%20and%20venipuncture.

    ● https://www.slideshare.net/rumanahameed1/polycythemia-vera-
    rumana

    ● https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polycythemia-
    vera/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355855
    THANK YOU

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