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    A Presentation ON Vocational Training: Sandeep Pradhan 3203810039

    Uploaded by

    Rahul Pandey
    This document provides a summary of a presentation on vocational training for steel melting shop-II at Bhilai Steel Plant in India. The summary includes details of the plant's annual production capacity, equipment used in the steelmaking process such as converters and casters, an overview of the basic oxygen furnace process including reactions that occur, and sections of the steelmaking shop such as the mixer, scrap yard, and gas cleaning plant. The presentation highlights the principles, sequence of operations, and economics of the steelmaking process at the plant.

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    A Presentation ON Vocational Training: Sandeep Pradhan 3203810039

    Uploaded by

    Rahul Pandey
    79 views22 pages
    This document provides a summary of a presentation on vocational training for steel melting shop-II at Bhilai Steel Plant in India. The summary includes details of the plant's annual production capacity, equipment used in the steelmaking process such as converters and casters, an overview of the basic oxygen furnace process including reactions that occur, and sections of the steelmaking shop such as the mixer, scrap yard, and gas cleaning plant. The presentation highlights the principles, sequence of operations, and economics of the steelmaking process at the plant.

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    This document provides a summary of a presentation on vocational training for steel melting shop-II at Bhilai Steel Plant in India. The summary includes details of the plant's annual production capacity, equipment used in the steelmaking process such as converters and casters, an overview of the basic oxygen furnace process including reactions that occur, and sections of the steelmaking shop such as the mixer, scrap yard, and gas cleaning plant. The presentation highlights the principles, sequence of operations, and economics of the steelmaking process at the plant.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    79 views22 pages

    A Presentation ON Vocational Training: Sandeep Pradhan 3203810039

    Uploaded by

    Rahul Pandey
    This document provides a summary of a presentation on vocational training for steel melting shop-II at Bhilai Steel Plant in India. The summary includes details of the plant's annual production capacity, equipment used in the steelmaking process such as converters and casters, an overview of the basic oxygen furnace process including reactions that occur, and sections of the steelmaking shop such as the mixer, scrap yard, and gas cleaning plant. The presentation highlights the principles, sequence of operations, and economics of the steelmaking process at the plant.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    A

    PRESENTATION
    ON
    VOCATIONAL TRAINING

    SANDEEP PRADHAN
    3203810039
    STEEL MELTING SHOP-II, BSP
    BHILAI STEEL PLANT
    ANNUAL CAPACITY` : 1.5 MT LIQUID STEEL
    PRESENT PRODUCTION : 2.6 MT CAST STEEL
    CONVERTERS : 3 X 130 T CAPACITY
    MIXER : 2 X 1300 T CAPACITY
    3 ON LINE ARGON RINSING UNITS
    1 VAD, 2 RH DEGASSER, 2 LADLE FURNACE
    6 CASTERS : 3 SLAB CASTERS
    1 NEW SLAB CASTER
    1 COMBI CASTER
    1 BLOOM CASTER
    LD CONVERTOR
    CONVERTER OPERATION CYCLE
    Charging 5 Min
    Oxygen Blowing 20 Min
    Sampling and Temperature measurement 8 Min
    Corrections before Tapping 5 Min
    Tapping 5 Min
    Nitrogen splashing, coating and deslagging 7 Min
    Total 50 Min
    PRINCIPLE
     The essential part of the LD (or BOF) steel
    making process consists of a supersonic jet of
    oxygen directed vertically on to a bath of
    molten iron and slag.
     In the LD process, oxygen is blown at pressure
    of 8-10 atmospheres through a convergent-
    divergent nozzle so that the jet issuing at the
    nozzle exit is supersonic and generally has a
    speed between 2.0 to 2.5 times the speeds of
    sound.
     In the beginning of the blow, the jet strikes the
    metal surface directly and the kinetic energy of
    the jet is partially transferred to the bath.
     As a result, the bath starts to circulate and the
    oxidation of carbon and other metalloids begins.
    The generation of heat as a result of these
    reactions and the simultaneous stirring of the
    bath help in dissolving the scrap charged together
    with the hot metal at the beginning of the blow.
    SEQUENCE OF OPERATION:
    Scrap
    charging

    HM Pouring

    Oxygen blown Tapping of


    steel
    REACTIONS:
    De-Siliconisation
    [Si] + 2(FeO) + 2(CaO) = (2CaO.SiO2) + 2[Fe]

     SiO2(Silica) is stable oxide.


     HM with low Si content(less than 0.08) is preferred to
    optimize the lime consumption.
     HM with high Si content will consume more lime and
    also have high probability of deteriorating the
    convertor lining.
    De-Phosphorisation
    2[P]+5(FeO)+3(CaO) = (3CaO.P2O5) + 5[Fe]
    Favorable conditions for removal of Phosphorous
    slag of high basicity
    low temperature
    De-Phosphorisation increases with increasing FeO % in
    slag.

    Manganese Removal
    [Mn] + (FeO) = (MnO) + [Fe]
    [ ] Dissolved state in steel
    ( ) Dissolved state in slag
    De-Carburization
    [C] + [O]  CO
    gas

    De-Sulphurisation
    [S] + (CaO) = (CaS) +
    [O]
    SAMPLE ANALYSIS AND TEMP.
    MEASUREMENT
     Convertor is tilted on charging side to drain out some
    amount of slag so that temp measurement and sample
    could be taken.

     Turndown tapping temperature is around 1650-


    1680ºC depending upon whether heat is going
    through SRU route or directly to CCS.
     Turndown bath analysis is as follows:
    C% 0.10 – 0.15
    P% 0.025 max
    S% 0.025 max
    TAPPING OF STEEL

     During tapping ladle is kept in such a position


    that the metal stream does not hit the side walls
    of the ladle.
     Ferro-alloy additions(Si-Mn, Fe-Si), synthetic slag
    kept in service bunkers are done in ladle as per
    desired steel grade
     Aluminum and pet coke are given manually
     Final slag is arrested using DART which is
    inserted into the tap-hole from the mouth of
    the converter.
    VARIOUS SECTIONS OF SMS-II
     Mixer Section
     Scrap Yard
     Ladle Preparation Section
     Slag Pot Handling Section
     Gas Cleaning Plant
    MIXER SECTION
     Main function of mixer section is to supply hot metal
    to converters at a fairly uniform temparuture &
    composition.
     The mixer acts as buffer between the BF & the
    converters.
     Burners are provided in the mixer to maintain the
    temparature of hot metal,which leads to the
    important activity of homogenization of chemical
    composition & temparature.
    SCRAP YARD & SLAG POT
    HANDLING SECTION
     SCRAP YARD:-It receives the scrap generated
    from all over the plant in wagons & trucks
    which are supplied to converters for the
    utilisation of scrap.
     SLAG POT HANDLING SECTION:-The slag
    produced during steel making is poured out
    of the converter into slag pots(also called
    thimbles)
    LADDLE PREPARATION SECTION
    As the name suggests,steel casting
    laddles,required for tapping are prepared
    here.
    ACTIVITIES :
     Removal of metallic jam from the ladle
     Refractory lining & repair of steel ladles
     Heating of steel ladles properly to ensure
    desired tapping temperature.
     Fixing of slide gate mechanisms & porous plug
     Both conventional and multi heat slide gate
    ladles are used(50:50)
    GAS CLEANING PLANT
    This is a modern & sophisticated plant,which cools,cleans &
    collects the gases emerging from the mouth of converter
    during oxygen blowing.
    PURPOSE :
     To recover LD gas having C0 >40%
     To cool & clean the gas
     storage of LD gas to gas holder
     Burning of gas having less than 40 % co through flare stack
     calorific value of the converter gas is 2000 k.cal/Cu.m and the
    average composition is :
     CO = 65 - 70 % N2 = 15 - 20 %
     CO2 = 15 - 20 % O2 = 0.10 %
     About 85 M3 gas is recovered per ton of steel.
    PROCESS ECONOMICS
     Lowering of lance too close to bath, can cause
    metal particles to be ejected from the mouth in
    the form of sparks.
     More Si contents in the metal leads to increase in the
    slag bulk which affects the lining life.
     The lance should be vertical in blowing position.
     Delay in tapping of heat contributes to lining wear.
     LD lining wear should be studied to improve the
    lining design.
     The scrap pieces should remain fully submerged in the
    bath.
    MERITS
     Fast process.
     Less Nitrogen content.
     Economical.
     Less investment cost.
     No need of external fuel because the
    reaction involved is exothermic.
     Less space is required.
     Better lining life.
    THANK YOU

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