Biological Nutrient Removal: Sneha G K 4SU17CV039 VIII Sem, Civil Engg SDM I T, Ujire

Technical Seminar
On
BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT
REMOVAL Presented by,
Sneha G K
4SU17CV039
VIII Sem, Civil Engg
SDM I T, UJIRE
Under the guidance of

Mr. Vinay M R
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Civil Engineering
SDM Institute of Technology,

(Affiliated to Visvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka)
UJIRE -574240 1
OUTLINE:
 Introduction
 Causes and effects
 Challenges
 BNR Process
 BNR Process Modelling
 Conclusion
 References
2
Why is nutrient removal important?
 Excess nutrients are harmful to the environment
 They can lead to eutrophication in rivers, lakes and estuaries
• Oxygen dead zones
• Fish kills
• Harmful algal blooms (HABs)
 Water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) are required to remove
nutrients from wastewater.
3
How are nutrients removed?
Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR)
The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by the use of, proliferation and
selection of certain microbial populations (“bugs”)
Different wastewater processes create the proper environment to select and

enhance the growth of the desired bacteria
Example: Aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic environments.
These wastewater processes are arranged in many different configurations

to achieve the desired treatment.
4
EUTROPHICATION
Eutrophication, the general increase in the concentration of phosphorus,
nitrogen, and other plant nutrients in an aging aquatic ecosystem such as a
lake.
5
CAUSES AND EFFECTS
• In municipal wastewater treatment plant discharge causes cultural
eutrophication in surface waters.
• Summer algal blooms are a familiar example of this eutrophication, and
can present problems for ecosystem and people alike : low dissolved
oxygen, fish kills, and depletion of desirable flora and fauna.
6
CHALLENGES
• Conventional biological processes designed to meet secondary treatment
effluent standards typically do not remove Total Nitrogen (TN) and
Total Phosphorus (TP) to the extent needed to protect receiving waters.
• Wastewater treatment facilities are increasingly being required to
implement processes that reduce effluent nutrient concentrations to safe
levels.
7
BNR PROCESSES
BNR is comprised of two processes:
• Biological Nitrogen Removal
• Biological Phosphorus Removal
COMMON TECHNOLOGY
FORM REMOVAL LIMIT, mg/L
MECHANISM
Total Nitrogen Nitrification <0.5
Ammonia-N
Nitrate-N Denitrification 1-2
Particulate Organic-N Solids separation <1.0
Soluble Organic-N None 0.5-1.5
Total Phosphorus Microbial uptake
Soluble P and/or Chemical 0.1
precipitation
Particulate P Solids removal <0.05
8
BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN REMOVAL
• Biological nitrogen removal is achieved by sequential nitrification under

aerobic conditions and denitrification under anoxic conditions.
• During nitrification, ammonium is oxidized to nitrite by ammonium
oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and then to nitrate by nitrite oxidizing bacteria
(NOB).
9
BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL
• Biological phosphorus removal is a sewage treatment configuration applied to
activated sludge systems for the removal of phosphate.
• The treatment process can be designed to promote the growth of PAOs.
• PAOs convert available organic matter to PHAs
• PAOs ( Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms): are a group of bacteria that, under
certain conditions, facilitate the removal of large amounts of phosphorus from
wastewater in a process.
• PHAs (Polyhydroxyalkanoates): are linear polyesters produced in nature by
bacterial fermentation of sugar or lipids.
10
TREATMENT PROCESS
• Integrated fixed film activated sludge process
• Sequential batch reactor process
• Step feed process
• Moving bed biofilm reactor process
• Oxidation ditch process
11
Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge Process(IFAS)
A widely used approach for upgrading existing activated sludge plants for
nitrification, or simply increasing treatment capacity, has been to convert
conventional activated sludge tank to IFAS tanks.
• Combines fixed film technology with conventional activated sludge.
• Immerse a solid support media into an aeration basin.
• Media can be fixed or floating
• Textile mesh material, floating sponges or plastic media.
• Provides surface area for biological growth to attach.
• Creates additional biomass.
12
• Provides additional biological activity.
• Increases solids settling.
• Increases wastewater treatment facilities
13
SEQUENTIAL BATCH REACTOR
PROCESSES (SBR)
 Continuous flow system.
 Primarily for nitrogen removal.
 Flexible, inexpensive and efficient.
 Operational cost is high.
 Five steps
• Fill
• React
• Settle
• Decant
• Idle
14
STEP FEED PROCESS
 Continuous flow process.
 Influent flow is split to several feed locations.
 Recycle sludge stream is sent to the beginning.
 Higher solids retention time is achieved providing enhanced treatment.
 Phosphorus removal is limited.
15
MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR
PROCESS(MBBR)
• Direct derivative of fixed film activated sludge process.
• HDPE carrier elements are used.
• Provide sites for bacteria attachment.

• Allows higher concentration of active biomass.
• More treatment capacity.

• Phosphorus removal requires additional stages.
16
17
OXIDATION DITCH PROCESS
• Oxidation ditch is a large circular basin with aerators.

• Removes organic matter and pollutants.
• Adsorption, oxidation and decomposition.
• Ensures stable, continuous D.O measurements.
• Reduces operating costs.
• Eliminates the need for manual cleaning.
18
BNR PROCESS MODELLING
• Practical implementation of BNR technology.
• Widely and successfully used.
• To improve understanding of the BNR process.
• To optimize design and operation of the BNR process.
• A computer programme simulator is required.
• To implement all unit process models and link them.
• To setup a WWTP with particular flow scheme, influent characteristics and
operation conditions.
• To represent the biological transformations.
• The model needs to be calibrated and validated before it is used.
19
20
SUMMARY
• BNR is an established technology.
• Implementation and operation is a challenge.

• Complex and high cost.
• Requires trained design engineers and operators.
• BNR process modelling is a useful tool for design and operation of
WWTPs.
21
REFERENCES
• Amir Mohaghegh Motlagh et al., (2014), “ Water Reclamation and sustainability”,
“Journal of Biological Nutrient Removal”, ELSEVIER
• Bo Li and Guangxue wu , (2014), “ Effects of sludge Retention Times on Nutrient
Removal and Nitrous Oxide Emission in Biological Nutrient Removal Process”,
“International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health” ,
www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph .
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad et al., (2019), “Membrane Separation Principles and
Applications” , “Journal of Biological Nutrient Removal”, ELSEVIER.
• Kay Curtin et al., “Biological and Chemical Phosphorus Removal”, “The Minnesota
Pollution Control Agency” acknowledges with appreciation the “Water Environment
Federation and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources”
• Zhi-rong Hu et al., (2012), “Biological Nutrient Removal in Municipal Wastewater
Treatment: New Directions in Sustainability”, “Journal of Environmental
Engineering”.
22
THANK YOU
23

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Technical Seminar

Under the guidance of

SDM Institute of Technology,

Different wastewater processes create the proper environment to select and

Example: Aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic environments.

These wastewater processes are arranged in many different configurations

• Biological nitrogen removal is achieved by sequential nitrification under

• Moving bed biofilm reactor process

• Oxidation ditch process

• Direct derivative of fixed film activated sludge process.

• HDPE carrier elements are used.

• Provide sites for bacteria attachment.

• More treatment capacity.

• Oxidation ditch is a large circular basin with aerators.

• Implementation and operation is a challenge.

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