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    Croup: Dr. Shveta Sethi Narula A.P. Microbiology

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    12. Akshit Atwal
    Croup is a respiratory illness most common in young children characterized by inspiratory stridor, cough, and hoarseness. It is usually caused by viruses like parainfluenza, RSV, and adenoviruses. Symptoms include a barking cough, nasal drainage, sore throat, and low-grade fever. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms, though chest x-rays may show subglottic narrowing. Treatment involves keeping the child calm, using steam, acetaminophen, dexamethasone, and supportive care with oxygen and fluids. The prognosis is excellent with recovery usually within a week, though 5% may require hospitalization for respiratory failure or secondary infections.

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    Croup: Dr. Shveta Sethi Narula A.P. Microbiology

    Uploaded by

    12. Akshit Atwal
    44 views14 pages
    Croup is a respiratory illness most common in young children characterized by inspiratory stridor, cough, and hoarseness. It is usually caused by viruses like parainfluenza, RSV, and adenoviruses. Symptoms include a barking cough, nasal drainage, sore throat, and low-grade fever. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms, though chest x-rays may show subglottic narrowing. Treatment involves keeping the child calm, using steam, acetaminophen, dexamethasone, and supportive care with oxygen and fluids. The prognosis is excellent with recovery usually within a week, though 5% may require hospitalization for respiratory failure or secondary infections.

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    Croup

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    Croup is a respiratory illness most common in young children characterized by inspiratory stridor, cough, and hoarseness. It is usually caused by viruses like parainfluenza, RSV, and adenoviruses. Symptoms include a barking cough, nasal drainage, sore throat, and low-grade fever. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms, though chest x-rays may show subglottic narrowing. Treatment involves keeping the child calm, using steam, acetaminophen, dexamethasone, and supportive care with oxygen and fluids. The prognosis is excellent with recovery usually within a week, though 5% may require hospitalization for respiratory failure or secondary infections.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    44 views14 pages

    Croup: Dr. Shveta Sethi Narula A.P. Microbiology

    Uploaded by

    12. Akshit Atwal
    Croup is a respiratory illness most common in young children characterized by inspiratory stridor, cough, and hoarseness. It is usually caused by viruses like parainfluenza, RSV, and adenoviruses. Symptoms include a barking cough, nasal drainage, sore throat, and low-grade fever. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms, though chest x-rays may show subglottic narrowing. Treatment involves keeping the child calm, using steam, acetaminophen, dexamethasone, and supportive care with oxygen and fluids. The prognosis is excellent with recovery usually within a week, though 5% may require hospitalization for respiratory failure or secondary infections.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Croup

    Dr. Shveta Sethi Narula


    A.P. Microbiology
    • Croup is a respiratory illness characterized by inspiratory
    stridor, cough, and hoarseness.
    • The term croup has been used to describe a variety of upper
    respiratory conditions in children including :
    o Laryngitis
    o Laryngotracheitis
    o Laryngotracheobronchitis
    o Bacterial tracheitis
    o or spasmodic croup
    • Croup is usually caused by viruses. Bacterial infection may
    occur secondarily.
    o Para influenza virus type 1,2 & 3
    o Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenoviruses
    o Measles
    o Influenza virus
    o Rhinoviruses
    Bacterial infection: Croup also may be caused by bacteria.
    The most common secondary bacterial pathogens include
    o Staphylococcus aureus
    o Streptococcus pyogenes
    o Streptococcus pneumoniae
    EPIDOMIOLOGY

    • Croup affects about 15% of children


    o most commonly occurs in children 6 to 36 months of age.
    o It is more common in boys, with a male: female ratio of
    about 4:1
    o Most cases occur in the fall or early winter
    • The viral pathogen is inhaled and infects the cells of the
    respiratory epithelium. Consequently leading to localized
    inflammatory response including-
    o Inflammation of the subglottic area
    o Mucosal edema
    o Increased mucous production
    o Narrowing of the internal airway lumen
    Clinical presentation

     Hoarse or barking cough


     Nasal drainage
     Sore throat
     Low grade fever
     Tachycardia, Tachypnea
     Inspiratory stridor
    • Children with more severe cases have:
    O Visible suprasternal, intercostal, subcostal retractions.
    O Lethargy and agitation
    o Hypoxemia and Respiratory arrest
    DIAGNOSIS

    o Laboratory studies add little to the diagnosis of croup if bacterial


    infection is not suspected.
    o Croup is typically diagnosed based on signs and symptoms.
    o White blood cell counts may be elevated above 10,000 with a
    predominance of polymorphonuclear cells.
    o Chest radiographs may show subglottic narrowing (in 50% of
    children with croup)
    o While viral cultures, obtained via nasopharyngeal aspiration, can
    be used to confirm the exact cause, these are usually restricted
    to research setting as they may cause unnecessary agitation and
    thus worsen the stress on the compromised airway.
    TREATMENT

    o Keep child calm


    O Steam
    O Antipyretics
    O Encouragement of fluid intake
    O Humidified air
    O Single dose of oral dexamethasone (0.6 mg/kg)
    Supportive care
    o Humidified air or humidified oxygen
    o Monitoring
    o Fluids
    o Intubation
    O Dexamethasone is the most commonly used, with the dose
    being 0.6 mg/kg (maximum 10 mg) by mouth or
    intramuscularly.

    o Nebulized epinephrine may have marked effect to decrease


    inspiratory stridor and the work of breathing
    Prognosis

    • Viral croup is usually a self-limited disease.


    • The prognosis for croup is excellent, and recovery is almost
    always complete.
    • Symptoms usually improve within three days, but may last for
    up to seven days.
    • Less than 5 percent of children with croup require hospital
    admission.
    COMPLICATIONS

    • Hypoxemia (oxygen saturation <92 percent in room air) and


    respiratory failure.
    • Pulmonary edema
    • Pneumothorax, and
    • Pneumomediastinum
    • Otitis media
    • Secondary bacterial Infections
    • Bacterial tracheitis
    Thank You

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