Microprocessors and Microcontroller

MICROPROCESSORS AND
MICROCONTROLLER
ASSIGNMENT-1
SUBMITTED BY:
MOHANA SUBBU.M
814319104030
CSE C
MICROPROCESSOR
 8086 Microprocessor is an enhanced version of 8085Microprocessor that was designed by Intel in

1976. It is a 16-bit Microprocessor having 20 address lines and16 data lines that provides up to
1MB storage. It consists of powerful instruction set, which provides operations like multiplication
and division easily.
 It supports two modes of operation, i.e. Maximum mode and Minimum mode. Maximum mode is
suitable for system having multiple processors and Minimum mode is suitable for system having a
single processor.
Features of 8086
 The most prominent features of a 8086 microprocessor are as follows −

• It has an instruction queue, which is capable of storing six instruction bytes from the memory resulting in faster
processing.
• It was the first 16-bit processor having 16-bit ALU, 16-bit registers, internal data bus, and 16-bit external data bus
resulting in faster processing.
• It is available in 3 versions based on the frequency of operation −
• 8086 → 5MHz
• 8086-2 → 8MHz
• (c)8086-1 → 10 MHz
• It uses two stages of pipelining, i.e. Fetch Stage and Execute Stage, which improves performance.
• Fetch stage can prefetch up to 6 bytes of instructions and stores them in the queue.
• Execute stage executes these instructions.
• It has 256 vectored interrupts.
• It consists of 29,000 transistors.
Architecture of 8086
 The following diagram depicts the architecture of a 8086 Microprocessor −

MICROPROCESSOR IN TELEVISION
 The block diagram of the IR remote control for home appliances is shown in the figure that consists of the
power supply block with transformer, rectifier, and regulator. Relays that are interfaced to the 8051
Microcontroller using relay driver, IR receiver which is also interfaced to the microcontroller TV remote or
IR remote is used for controlling all the home appliances remotely, which are represented as lamps
Connected to the relays The power supply block converts the 230V into 5V DC for providing the required
5V DC supply to the Microcontroller circuit the user can assign the TV remote buttons for each home
appliance and thus Whenever the particular button is pressed, then the coded infrared data is transmitted to
the receiver circuit. This coded data is decoded at the IR receiver circuit and the signal is fed to the
microcontroller. After receiving the appropriate signal, the microcontroller sends the command signal to the
particular relay to turn on or turn off the specific home appliance. Thus, we can control all the home
appliances using the TV remote control.is the weight of vehicle.
MICROPROCEESOR IN ALARM CLOCK
 A microprocessor-based clock which has both a current time digital display and an alarm time
digital display, as well as controls for setting both the current time and the alarm time either ahead
or backward at selectable rates such that a single knob provides rapid setting of the setting time
and a single knob provides rapid setting of the alarm time. An improved regulating circuit provides
the microprocessor with a first substantially constant DC voltage and a second DC voltage limited
to a given magnitude. User-accessable controls are provided for effecting a snooze alarm function,
alarm setting and for disarming the alarm function for a relatively long period of time, e.g., for 24
hours. One of the controls includes strips bridgable by a conductive member such as a finger.
MICROPROCESSOR IN CAR
 Coming to grips with the microprocessor was a major item of business at the 1977 Society of
Automotive Engineers' International Engineering Congress & Exposition in Detroit last week. A
consensus of automotive engineers projects the introduction in the near future of the small,
onboard electronic computer to perform many of the regulatory functions associated with vehicle
operation. Some of the devices already are being used in ignition control and antiskid control of
braking systems.
 Uses generally cited for microprocessors relate to greater vehicle safety, lower fuel consumption,
lower engine pollution, and higher automotive reliability. An onboard computer, for example, could
determine continuously the optimum fuel/air ratio in response to engine temperature, engine
speed, and load conditions. Similarly, the computer, in principle, could limit the amounts and
kinds of pollution in engine exhausts through appropriate ignition control.
MICROPROCESSORS IN RADIO
 An FM tuner control circuit contains a digital frequency synthesizing control circuit, digital computer means
including a microprocessor, a memory circuit, and a manual control circuit for digitally tuning the tuner to
any desired FM station. The memory circuit includes a read-only memory containing programs for the
microprocessor and a random-access memory in which a group of predetermined station frequencies can be
stored. The control circuit also includes a call letter display circuit, a frequency scale pointer display circuit,
a frequency display circuit, a manual tuning circuit, and remote control switches for the manual control
circuit.
MICROPROCESSOR IN MICROWAVE
OVEN
For a microprocessor to control device, it has to: • Make decisions based on the detected changes. • Activate
appropriate output devices according to decisions made. Input Devices Input Process Microprocessor Controller System
Process Output Devices Output
Component • Here are some of the devices are used in a microwave oven: 1. A microwave generator produces the
microwaves that cook the food. 2. A lamp illuminates during the cooking process. 3. A motor drives a turntable so that
the food rotates and cooks evenly. 4. A display indicates the cooking time and the selected cooking mode. 5. A sounder
beeps when the cooking period is complete. 6. The keypad enables the cooking time to be set, cooking mode to be
entered and START/STOP cooking selected. 7. A door switch detects when the door is open. 8. A fan removes steam
that is generated by cooking.
• To control the operation of the microwave oven, there is a printed circuit board (PCB) containing the microprocessor
system.
Power Supply in Oven • To power the microprocessor and the various devices, the microwave oven is connected to the
power source. • The power source is a high voltage, alternating current (AC) supply. • The circuitry of the
microprocessor and some of the devices require a lower, direct current (DC) voltage. • A power supply unit converts the
AC supply to the required DC voltage level.
THANK YOU

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MICROPROCESSORS AND

 8086 Microprocessor is an enhanced version of 8085Microprocessor that was designed by Intel in

 The most prominent features of a 8086 microprocessor are as follows −

 The following diagram depicts the architecture of a 8086 Microprocessor −

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