Prez 1 - Administrative Reforms Commission

ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS IN
INDIA
Evolution of the Indian administrative system
 The public administrative system in India is as old as Kingdoms existed in India

several hundred years B.C.
 In the earlier era the civil servants performed the role of servants of the king.
(Kautilya’s Arthshastra describes the civil service of those days and lays down various
norms 300 B.C. to 1000 A.D)
 During the medieval period they became State servants. The land revenue
system was established during the Moghul period.
 The East Indian Company has a civil service to carry out their commercial
functions.
 During the British rule they started as servants to the Crown, but gradually they
started becoming ‘Public Servants’. The British government set up the Indian
civil service, primarily with the objective of strengthening the British
administration in the UK.
Indian administrative system During British Regime
 The first municipal administration in India was set up at Madras in 1687, with a view to
transfer the financial burden of local administration to the local City Council.
 In this period the role of the civil services was to further the British interest, and the role
was totally regulatory. Later on they assumed development roles also.
 Later, the Royal Charter of 1720 established a Mayor's Court in each of the three
Presidency towns of Madras, Bombay and Calcutta.
 In 1850, an Act was passed for the whole of British India permitting the formation of
local committees to make better provisions for public health.
 Lord Ripon's Resolution of 18 May 1882 was hailed as the Magna Carat of government
and got for Lord Ripon the title of "father of local self-government in India. Ripon
suggest “Reforms for instilling life into the local bodies, establishment of a network of
locals governing institutions, financial decentralization, the adoption of election as a
means of representation".
The existing administrative system in India
 The civil service system is the backbone of the administrative machinery of the
country.
 The civil service system in post-independent India was reorganized.
 At the central level, the civil services include the All-India services, namely the
Indian Administrative Service, the Indian Forest Service, and the Indian Police
Service.
 There are various central services like the Indian Income Tax Service, Indian
Railway Services etc.
 There are three tiers of administration-Union Government, State Governments and
the Local governments.
 The State Governments have their own set of services.
The hallmarks of civil services in India
 Constitutional protection.
 Political neutrality.
 Permanency.
 Anonymity
 Recruitment based on merit. Done by a Constitutional Authorities-the Public
Service Commissions.
The administrative structure of the Government of
India
(The roles of the various Ministries are defined as per the Rules of
Business)
President
Vice President
Prime Minister
Council of Ministers
Minister Minister Minister
Secretary
Additional Secretary
Joint Secretary
The administrative structure of the
State Governments.
Governor
Chief Minister
Council of Ministers
Minister Minister Minister
Secretary
Additional Secretary
Joint Secretary
District Administration
(District is a unit of administration, on an average a district has a population
of about 2 million)
District Collector
Regulatory Administration Development administration
Law and order
Land administration
Tax collection
Coordination
Local self governments (Urban)
 Big cities have –City Corporations.
 Cities have –City Municipal Committees.
 Towns have- Town Municipal Committees.
 All these are elected bodies. Administration is carried out by an

appointed Chief Executive who is answerable to the elected bodies.
 Their main role is to provide civic amenities to the citizens.
Their main source of revenue is local tax, and funds received from the State Government.
Local self governments (Rural)
The Panchayats
Zila Parishads At District level

 Their main role is to
function as a local self
government
 They provide civic Block Panchayats
At Block Level
amenities
 They carry out
Developmental works.
Village Panchayats For a group of
 They can levy some villages
taxes
Gram Sabhas All adult members of

a village
Administrative Reforms in India
The administrative machinery of any country cannot be perfect of its social,

cultural, political and economic conditions. Since independence, India has
witnessed major developments in the social and the economic fields. The
Government today is no longer playing the traditional role of a regulator. Its
role evolved to that of a promoter and then to that of a facilitator and service
provider.
 Administrative reforms have been necessitated because of:
 Change in the role of the Government.
 Changing environment.
 Rising aspirations of the people.
 Improving efficiency and effectiveness.
Administrative Reforms in India after
independence
 Several Commissions and Committees have gone into the subject, and
suggested various measures. Major reforms have been brought about based on
the recommendations of these. Some of the important studies/reports are as
follows:
 Report on Reorganisation of the Machinery of Government (1949) by
Mr. Goplaswami Ayyangar.
 It recommended that the Central Ministries be bunched into Bureaus.
independence ……(contd)
 The Gorwala Committee appointed by the Planning

Commission.
 It gave a general report on Public Administration
 Paul H. Appleby submitted two reports on Indian

Administration
 The O & M organization and the Indian Institute of Public
Administration were set up as a result of the recommendations.
 The Committee on Prevention of Corruption was ser up

under chairmanship of Mr. K .Santhanam (MP).
 The Central Vigilance Commission was set up.
independence ……(contd)
 The First Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) was set up in 1966.
 The ARC set up 20 study teams, 13 working groups and 1 Task Force.
 It gave 20 Reports making a total of 581 recommendations in a period spread

over 1966-70
The First Administrative Reforms Commission
 It gave Reports on the following subjects:

 Machinery of Government of India and its procedures.
 Personnel Administration.
 Redress of Citizen’s Grievances.
 Centre-State Relations.
 State Administration.
 Administration of Union Territories.
 Machinery for Planning.
 Economic Administration.
 Finance, Accounts and Audit.
 Delegation of Financial and Administrative Powers.
 Railways.
 Post and Telegraph.
 Etc.
Studies/Reports after the First Administrative
Reforms Commission
 Committee on Rcruitment Policy and Selection Methods (D.S.Kothari)-1976
 The Commission on Centre-State Relations (Sarkaria)-1983.
 The Fourth Central Pay Commission Report-1986
 The Committee to Review the Scheme of the Civil Services Examination (Satish Chandra,
1989)
 The Economic Administration Reforms Commission.
 The Fifth Pay Commission (1993)
 Surendra Nath’s Committee Report (2003)
 Committee on Civil Services Reforms.

The Second Administrative Reforms Commission
 Constituted on 31st August 2005

 Objective: To prepare a detailed blueprint for revamping the public administration
system
 Terms of Reference: The Commission will inter-alia consider the following
1. Organizational structure of the Govt. of India.
2. Ethics in Governance.
3. Refurbishing of Personnel Administration.
4. Strengthening of Financial Management Systems.
5. Steps to ensure effective administration at the State level.
6. Steps to ensure effective District Administration.
7. Local Self-Government/Panchayati Raj Institutions.
8. Social Capital, Trust and participative service delivery.
9. Citizen Centric Administration.
10. Promoting e-governance.
11. Issues of Federal Polity.
12. Crisis Management.
13. Public Order.
The approach of the Second Administrative
Reforms Commission
 A set of subjects is selected by the Commission for study.
 Eminent National Institutions are requested to carry out studies of the subject
and help the Commission.
 The Commission carries out Public Hearings.
 The Commission carries out deliberations with all stakeholders.
 Detailed consultations with the State Government.
 He Commission carries out field visits in order to assess the ground realities.
The First Phase
 Four areas have been taken up for study in the first phase.
 The final recommendations in all these four areas would be submitted by

March 06.
 The four areas are

1. Effective implementation of Right to Information Act.
2. Crisis management
3. Public Order.
4. Implementation of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme.

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ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS IN

 The public administrative system in India is as old as Kingdoms existed in India

Minister Minister Minister

Minister Minister Minister

Regulatory Administration Development administration

Law and order

 Big cities have –City Corporations.

 Cities have –City Municipal Committees.

 Towns have- Town Municipal Committees.

 All these are elected bodies. Administration is carried out by an

 Their main role is to provide civic amenities to the citizens.

Zila Parishads At District level

Gram Sabhas All adult members of

The administrative machinery of any country cannot be perfect of its social,

 The Gorwala Committee appointed by the Planning

 Paul H. Appleby submitted two reports on Indian

 The Committee on Prevention of Corruption was ser up

 The First Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) was set up in 1966.

 It gave 20 Reports making a total of 581 recommendations in a period spread

 It gave Reports on the following subjects:

 Committee on Rcruitment Policy and Selection Methods (D.S.Kothari)-1976

 The Commission on Centre-State Relations (Sarkaria)-1983.

 The Fourth Central Pay Commission Report-1986

 The Economic Administration Reforms Commission.

 The Fifth Pay Commission (1993)

 Surendra Nath’s Committee Report (2003)

 Committee on Civil Services Reforms.

 Constituted on 31st August 2005

 A set of subjects is selected by the Commission for study.

 The Commission carries out Public Hearings.

 The Commission carries out deliberations with all stakeholders.

 Detailed consultations with the State Government.

 The final recommendations in all these four areas would be submitted by

 The four areas are

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