Teaching Tips:

English for Self-

direction
Unit 11 Notes and Summaries
Ajarn Khacheenuj Chaovanapricha
Business English Program
Introduction of Unit 11
 Inthis unit, students will learn how to skim and scan
texts used in everyday life to get the main idea of the
reading passage.
 They will identify meanings of some vocabularies in
context.
 Phrasal verbs are also presented for grammar practice.
 Then the structure of writing notes and summaries is
introduced as a model.
 Finally,students will have an opportunity to write
their own notes and summaries
Language and Grammar
Phrasal verbs or Two-word verbs
Sometimes verbs are followed by a word like
in. off, at. etc., and this can change the meaning
does not change the meaning of the verb stay
of the verb. normal preposition
Can you stay after work to play tennis?
We should also stay away from food that is
gives the verb ‘stay’ a different meaning
high in cholesterol.
avoid
(We should avoid food that is not good for us.)
This is called ‘phrasal verbs or two-word verbs
 • We had to put the meeting off.
Separable (postpone or delay the meeting)
phrasal • We had to put off the meeting.
• We had to put it off
verbs

• We are going to run out of

Inseparable money.
phrasal • He’ll never get away with it.
verbs • We should stick to the exercise.
Separable phrasal verbs
Sometimes it is possible to separate the two parts of a
phrasal verb.
If the object is a noun, we can put it in two places.
 We had to put the meeting off. (postpone or delay
the meeting)
 We had to put off the meeting.
If the object is a pronoun (i.e. me, you, him, her, it,
etc.), it must come after the verb:
 We had to put it off.
Common separable phrasal verbs are
shown in the box below.

back…up give…up put…off

ring…up make…up clear…up
hold…up put…through look…up
close…down throw…away keep…down
take…over cut…off fill…in
Inseparable phrasal verbs
Some two-part phrasal verbs and all three-
part phrasal verbs are inseparable.
Many inseparable verbs do not have objects:
 We are going to run out of money.
 He’ll never get away with it.
 We should stick to the exercise.
Common inseparable phrasal verbs are
shown in the box below.

 backout of cut down on look after

look into
 runinto break down do without
get over
 gothrough take up call on
get on with
 come down hold on turn up
 m !
do

of
an

t
Fill in
Back ou
R

to
ff
to

n in
gh
r

u
e
ov u

C
o

Ru
r
th
k e
wn
Ta ay o
G o
w
d
a
e
w
ro m
Co
Th
on
n
Keep dow d o w n
C u t
Get on SPIN! Break d
o wn
ith w
Tak
Ge
t
ove eu
H p
Lo
r
o ol
d
k

Tu
on

Lo
Do with
in

Call on
to

ok
n up

afte
o ut

r
Back out of (something)
 todecide not to do something that you had said
you would do
 withdraw from (an agreement)
 pull out of
 cancel
 abandon
Cut down on
 to do or use less of something
 to make a reduction
 lessen
 lower
 decrease

Example: I’m trying to cut down on caffeine.

 She used to work 50 hours a week, but recently
she's cut down.
 Run into
 to meet unexpectedly
 Meet
 bump into
 encounter
 Example: Jack ran into his friend in the corridor.
 Break down
 to cease to function
 stop working
 stop
 fail
 Their partnership broke down after too many
disagreements.
 Their car broke down.
ี ความล ้มเหลว
พัง เสย
Ring (sb/sth) up

 To make a phone call to someone

 She rang me up to say she couldn’t come.

 Ring up someone
 To telephone someone
 Call on someone
 to make an appeal or request to
 request
 ask

 visit
Example: He was frequently called on to resolve
conflicts.
I’m leaving early tomorrow to call on a friend.
 Get over (something)
 To recover from (an illness or unhappy experience)
 Get better from
 Survive
 Bounce back
 Get well
Example: it took me a very long time to get over the shock of
her death.
What
is it?
Game
 Recover from an
1
illness

Overcome (a
Get over 2
What problem)

(something) Get better

3 from
is it?
ANSWER
 Stop working
1

What
Break down Fail
2

is it? To cease to
3
function

ANSWER
 To move
1
backwards

What
Back up To support
2 (sb/sth)
To prepare a
is it? second copy
3 of a
file
ANSWER
 To stop trying to
1
guess
To stop trying to
What
Give up do sth. 2before
you’ve finished
is it? Acceptance
3

ANSWER
 To meet
1
unexpectedly

What
Run into Meet
2

is it? Bump3 into

ANSWER
 Get rid
1 of

What Discard
2

is it? กำจ3ั ด
Throw away
ANSWER
Comprehension Check
Exercise C: In the following sentences, choose the best option from the words A-
D.

1. The ‘IPhone 7 Plus’ is expensive, but if you wait, prices will ______________.
 A. back down B. run down C. turn down D. come down
2. I agree, and if they criticize you at the meeting. I will ____________.
 A. back you up B. back you down C. back you in D. back you out
3. By the way, I ___________ Jane in York, and she sends you her regards.
 looked into B. turned into C. came into D. ran into
4, Could you ring British Airways and _____ if there are any seats on the flight to Rome?
 A. find up B. find in C. find over D. find out
5. I drink a lot of water and I _____________ greasy, heavy foods.
 back out of B. get on with C. stay away from D. run out of
 1. The ‘IPhone 7 Plus’ is expensive, but if
you wait, prices will ______________.

A come down B turn down

C run down D back down

>
tekhnologic
 2. I agree, and if they criticize you at the
meeting. I will ____________.

A back you down B back you up

C back you in D back you out

>
tekhnologic
 3. By the way, I ___________ Jane in York,
and she sends you her regards.

A looked into B came into

C ran into D turned into

>
tekhnologic
 4, Could you ring British Airways and _____
if there are any seats on the flight to Rome?

A find up B find in

C find over D find out

>
tekhnologic
 5. To get healthy, I drink a lot of water and
_____________ greasy, heavy foods.

A back out of B get on with

C stay away from D run out of

>
tekhnologic
Additional Resources

 CollinsDictionary Thesaurus
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english-thesaurus
 English Club
https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/phrasal-verbs-list.htm
Sources: https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/take-notes-by-
hand-for-better-long-term-comprehension.html
Test Yourself

Answer these questions.

When should you take notes?
Why do you need to take down notes?
What are the important parts of a note?
When do you need to write a summary?
What are the parts of the summary?
https://www.trcc.commnet.edu/div_academics/tasc/OnlineWorkshops/Cornell_Notes.shtml
Keywords

http://drwillbe.blogspot.com/2010/11/study-
skills.html
Example
Reading: Skimming
Skimming is high-speed reading
technique that can save you time and
help you get through lots of material
quickly.
When you skim, you should not read the
whole text (get the general sense of a
passage, not specific details).
Comprehension Check
Exercise A: Skim the article “How to keep your brain healthy”. Match topic sentences a-e with paragraphs 1-5.

Title (ช่ื อเร่ื อง)

Topic sentence (ประโยคที่ อธิบาย
ความคิดหลักของทั้งย่อหน้า)

Paragraph (ย่อหน้า)
Comprehension Check
Exercise A: Skim the article “How to keep your brain healthy”. Match topic sentences a-e with paragraphs 1-5.

m pl e
E xa How to keep your brain healthy a Physical activity is also
1. Most people know how to keep their bodies important.
healthy. They know they should eat a good diet b Finally, we should eat a
‘brain-healthy diet.
and try to get plenty of exercise and sleep. They
c Another thing we can do is to
should also avoid smoking, drinking, etc.
be socially active.
However, do you know that we can also take
d Most people know how to
steps to keep our brains healthy? Experts bring
keep their bodies healthy.
this up and recommend the following tips to
e First of all, it is important to
keep your brain in good shape.
stay mentally active.
Comprehension Check
Exercise A: Skim the article “How to keep your brain healthy”. Match topic sentences a-e with paragraphs 1-5.

How to keep your brain healthy a Physical activity is also

2. First of___________________________.
all, it is important to stay mentally active. We important.
exercise our bodies by waling, swimming, or b Finally, we should eat a
‘brain-healthy diet.
going to the gym, but we can also do workouts
c Another thing we can do is to
for our brains. For example, we can try
be socially active.
quizzes and word puzzles, or solve
d Most people know how to
mathematical problems. This will keep the
keep their bodies healthy.
nerve cells sharp. It may also help to create
e First of all, it is important to
new cells.
stay mentally active.
 
Group work:
Show me the picture of your summary!
 2
Group work: Jigsaw Reading Activity
2 2
1
1
5 2
1 1 2 2

4 3
1 1
KEYWORDS
Notes
Notes
•• How
How toto keep
keep body
body healthy
healthy
-- AA good
good diet
diet
-- Exercise,
Exercise, sleep
sleep
-- Avoid
Avoid smoking
smoking
But
But we
we can
can also
also keep
keep trains
trains
healthy.
healthy. How?
How?
•• Mentally
Mentally active
active
Exercises
Exercises for
for the
the brain,
brain, e.g.:
e.g.:
Quizzes
Quizzes
Puzzles
Puzzles
Maths
Maths problems
problems
Keep
Keep nerve
nerve cells
cells sharp
sharp (creates
(creates new
new
cells?)
cells?)
  
 How to keep your brain healthy
Notes
Notes
1. Most people know how to keep their •• How
How toto keep
keep body
body
bodies healthy. They know they should eat a healthy
healthy
-- AA good
good diet
diet
good diet and try to get plenty of exercise -- Exercise,
Exercise, sleep
sleep
-- Avoid
Avoid smoking
smoking
and sleep. They should also avoid smoking, But
But we
we can
can also
also keep
keep
drinking, etc. However, do you know that we trains
trains healthy.
  
healthy. How?
How?

can also take steps to keep our brains

healthy? Experts bring this up and
recommend the following tips to keep your
brain in good shape. phrasal verbs or two-word
bring = นำมา, bring verbs
up = mention เอ่ยถึงหรื อกล่าวถึง
‘up’ gives the verb ‘bring’ a different meaning
 How to keep your brain healthy
Notes
Notes
2.First ___________________________.
of all, it is important to stay mentally active. •• Mentally
Mentally active
active
Exercises
Exercises for
for the
the brain,
brain, e.g.:
e.g.:
We exercise our bodies by walking, -- Quizzes
Quizzes
swimming, or going to the gym, but we -- Puzzles
Puzzles
-- Maths
Maths problems
problems
can also do workouts for our brains. Keep
Keep nerve
nerve cells
cells sharp
sharp (creates
(creates
new
new cells?)
cells?)
For example, we can try quizzes and   

word puzzles, or solve mathematical

problems. This will keep the nerve
cells sharp. It may also help to create
new cells.
 How to keep your brain healthy
3. Another
____________________________.
thing we can do is to be socially active.

This means that we should cheer up

and socialize by joining clubs and
social groups. We can also get
together with other people by
travelling to other countries, or
learning new skills. For example, we
can do courses to learn skiing,
dancing, or a new language.
Comprehension Check
Exercise A: Skim the article “How to keep your brain healthy”. Match topic sentences a-e with paragraphs 1-5.

How to keep your brain healthy a Physical activity is also

4. Physical activity is also important.
____________________________. We important.
know that exercise is beneficial for the body. b Finally, we should eat a
However, it is also good for the brain. It keeps a ‘brain-healthy diet.
good flow of blood to the brain, and encourages c Another thing we can do is to
new cells so we should stick to the exercises. Of be socially active.
course, the brain is a very delicate organ. It is d Most people know how to
easily damaged, so people who like dangerous keep their bodies healthy.
activities should be very careful. e First of all, it is important to
  stay mentally active.
Comprehension Check
Exercise A: Skim the article “How to keep your brain healthy”. Match topic sentences a-e with paragraphs 1-5.

5. Finally, we should eat a ‘brain-healthy diet.

____________________________. This a Physical activity is also
means we should avoid fatty foods. We should important.
also stay away from food that is high in b Finally, we should eat a
cholesterol. Instead, we should eat nutritious ‘brain-healthy diet.
foods such as green vegetables, fruit, fish, and c Another thing we can do is to
nuts. Foods which are good for you will protect be socially active.
the brain from disease. We should keep on d Most people know how to
eating healthy food and pick out balanced diet. keep their bodies healthy.
  e First of all, it is important to
stay mentally active.
Structure of writing notes and summaries
Keywords: Notes:
 How to keep body healthy
 A good diet
 Exercise, sleep
 Avoid smoking
 But we can also keep brains healthy. How?
 Mentally active
 Exercises for the brain, e.g.:
 Quizzes

 Puzzles

 Maths problems
 Keep nerve cells sharp (creates new cells?)

 Summary: We can keep our body healthy by having a good diet, exercise,
enough sleep, and avoid smoking. We also can keep our brains healthy by
exercises for the brain such as trying quizzes and word puzzles, solving math
problems, etc. …..………….
Vocabulary
Exercise B: Look at the underlined words in the article. Find synonyms
in the same paragraph.

 exercise (paragraph 2)
work out
____________________________________________________
 socialize (paragraph 3)
get together with other people
____________________________________________________
 beneficial (paragraph 4)
good for
___________________________________________________
 avoid (paragraph 5)
stay away from
______________________________________________________
 nutritious (paragraph 5)
green vegetables, fruit, fish,
___________________________________________________ and
nuts
 Writing a summary
A summary is a short statement
which gives the main ideas from an
article, report, essay, etc.
It is much shorter than the original
text. It is useful for revision and for
remembering the main points.
Basic Steps
of Writing Notes and Summary
 Study basic step of writing a summary.

Read the text Take notes

Write summary
 We usually write a summary from our notes.
 Therefore, there are three stages of writing a
summary: reading the text, taking notes and
writing the summary.
 First, read the text:
 Towrite a good summary it is important to
thoroughly understand the material you are
working with.
 1.Skim the text, read the passage carefully,
more than once. Before you begin to write, make
sure you understand what the passage is about.
 2.
Highlight, highlighting or making a list of
important information and taking notes.
 Second, take notes:
Here are some preliminary steps in taking notes.
 1.Take notes by using bullets (•), dashes (-), or
numbering (1, 2, 3, etc.) to group your notes.
 2.Write down the main points of each section In
your own words.
 3.Write down the key support points for the main
topic, but do not include minor details.
 Third, write summary:
Write a one-paragraph summary
 1.Copy your summary sentences into a
paragraph, keeping them in the same order in
which the information appears in the reading
passage.
 2. Go through the process again, making changes
as appropriate.
Please keep in mind that the summary:
 should cover the original as a whole
 should be a condensed version of the material,
presented in your own words.
 do not include anything that does not appear in the
original.
 do not include your own comments or evaluation.
 has to identify your source.
  THE IMPORTANCE OF SLEEP
 Why do we need to sleep? Sleep is very important for the brain. While we are asleep, the brain repairs
itself. I also stores information that it learned during the day. If we do not get enough sleep, the brain
cannot do these things. We become tired and we cannot remember things so well. Our body’s ‘immune
system’, which is its self-defense system, becomes weaker, so we are more likely to get ill.
 What stops us sleeping? Most people find sleep difficult because they are not relaxed. They do not
exercise enough during the day, and in the evening they are still thinking about their work or studies. In
addition, they make phone calls or look at email messages until late at night. They also have too many
drinks which contain caffeine, such as coffee, and eat dinner just before they go to bed. All of this is bad
for sleeping.
 What can we do? Of course, it is important to be relaxed. However, there are other things we can do to
help us get a good night’s sleep. First of all, we should make sure that the bed is comfortable, with a
good mattress and pillow. The bedroom should be dark and quiet, so that we are not disturbed by light or
noise. We should also have the same routine every evening before we go to bed. For example, we should
read a book, have a hot bath, or listen to relaxing music. Finally, we should try to go to bed at the same
time every night. In this way, we will start to sleep better and feel more active the next day. 
 Keywords:
Notes
Notes
- Importance of sleep
Importance
Importance of of sleep.
sleep.
during
during sleep:
sleep: brain
brain repairs
repairs itself
itself
stores
stores information
information
no
no sleep:
sleep: tired;
tired; cannot
cannot remember;
remember;
may
may become
become ill ill
Notes:
What
What stops
stops sleep?
sleep?  during sleep: - brain repairs itself
not
not relaxed
relaxed
- stores information
thinking
thinking about
about work
work oror studies
studies
late
late at
at night:
night: phone
phone calls/emails
calls/emails  no sleep: - tired; cannot remember;
coffee/dinner
coffee/dinner - may become ill
What
What can can we
we dodo to
to sleep
sleep well?
well?
aa comfortable
comfortable bed bed
aa dark,
dark, quiet
quiet bedroom
bedroom
every
every night
night –– same
same routine
routine
(book, hot
(book, hot bath,
bath, music,
music, etc.) 
etc.) 
Use the notes about sleep and the
prompts below to complete the summary
 Summary
 Duringsleep the brain repairs itself and stores information. If we
do not sleep, then we ….…become tired and cannot remember
things…... Also, we may ……get ill…… People sleep badly when
they are not relaxed. They are thinking ……about their work or
studies……….... Late at night they …make phone calls…, ……look
at email messages…., …..have too many coffee..., and ……eat
dinner before they go to bed.., To sleep well, we need ……a
comfortable bed..… and ……a dark and quiet bedroom…. Every
night, …. we should have the same routine such as read a book,
have a hot bath, or listen to relaxing music……..
Use the notes about sleep and the
prompts below to complete the summary
 Summary
 Duringsleep the brain repairs itself and stores information. If we
do not sleep, then we ….…become tired and cannot remember
things…... Also, we may ……get ill…… People sleep badly when
they are not relaxed. They are thinking ……about their work or
studies……….... Late at night they …make phone calls…, ……look
at email messages…., …..have too many coffee..., and ……eat
dinner before they go to bed.., ……..
Warm-Up Notes
Notes
•• How
How toto keep
keep body
body healthy
healthy
-- AA good
good diet
diet
 Look at the excerpt of this note.
-- Exercise,
Exercise, sleep
sleep
 In small groups, discuss the questions. -- Avoid
Avoid smoking
smoking
But
But we
we can
can also
also keep
keep trains
trains
healthy.
healthy. How?
How?
•• Mentally
Mentally active
active
Exercises
Exercises for
for the
the brain,
brain, e.g.:
e.g.:
Quizzes
Quizzes
Puzzles
Puzzles
Maths
Maths problems
problems
Keep
Keep nerve
nerve cells
cells sharp
sharp (creates
(creates new
new
cells?)
cells?)
  
 Warm-Up Notes
Notes
•• How
How toto keep
keep body
body healthy
healthy
 How can we stay mentally active? -- AA good
good diet
diet
-- Exercise,
Exercise, sleep
sleep
Give two examples.
-- Avoid
Avoid smoking
smoking
We need to exercise for brain. But
But we
we can
can also
also keep
keep trains
trains
Examples are doing quizzes or healthy.
healthy. How?
How?
solving math problems. •• Mentally
Mentally active
active
Exercises
Exercises for
for the
the brain,
brain, e.g.:
e.g.:
 How can we keep our bodies healthy? Quizzes
Quizzes
Puzzles
Puzzles
We can keep our bodies healthy by
Maths
Maths problems
problems
having a good diet, exercising, Keep
Keep nerve
nerve cells
cells sharp
sharp (creates
(creates new
new
sleeping, and avoiding smoking. cells?)
cells?)
  
 Warm-Up Notes
Notes
•• How
How toto keep
keep body
body healthy
healthy
 How does the writer make notes? -- AA good
good diet
diet
-- Exercise,
Exercise, sleep
sleep
The writer makes notes by -- Avoid
Avoid smoking
smoking
using bullets. But
But we
we can
can also
also keep
keep trains
trains
healthy.
healthy. How?
How?
 How does the writer group his/her •• Mentally
Mentally active
active
notes? Exercises
Exercises for
for the
the brain,
brain, e.g.:
e.g.:
Quizzes
Quizzes
The writer group his/her Puzzles
Puzzles
notes based on the topics. Maths
Maths problems
Keep
Keep nerve
problems
nerve cells
cells sharp
sharp (creates
(creates
new
new cells?)
cells?)
  
 Warm-Up Notes
Notes
•• How
How toto keep
keep body
body healthy
healthy
 Doyou think organizing notes this -- AA good
good diet
diet
way makes them easy to read and -- Exercise,
Exercise, sleep
sleep
remember? Why? -- Avoid
Avoid smoking
smoking
But
But we
we can
can also
also keep
keep trains
trains
 Yes,I think organizing notes this healthy.
healthy. How?
How?
way makes them easy to read •• Mentally
Mentally active
active
Exercises
Exercises for
for the
the brain,
brain, e.g.:
e.g.:
and remember because it is Quizzes
Quizzes
short and include only the main Puzzles
Puzzles
Maths
Maths problems
points. Keep
Keep nerve
problems
nerve cells
cells sharp
sharp (creates
(creates
new
new cells?)
cells?)